关键词: 无线传感器网络, 能量空洞, 路由协议, 粒子群优化, 生存周期

Abstract:

In the cluster-based routing algorithm of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), "energy hole" phenomenon was resulted from energy consumption imbalance between sensors. For this problem, a hybrid multi-hop routing algorithm of effective energy-hole avoidance was put forward on the basis of the research of the flat and hierarchical routing protocols. Firstly, the concept of hotspot area was introduced to divide the monitoring area, and then in clustering stage, the amount of data outside the hotspot area was reduced by using uneven clustering algorithm which could integrate data within the clusters. Secondly, energy consumption was cut down in the hotspot area during clustering stage by no clustering. Finally, in inter-cluster communication phase, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was addressed to seek optimal transmission path which could simultaneously meet the minimization of the maximum next hop distance between two nodes in the routing path and the minimization of the maximum hop count, so the minimization of whole network energy consumption was realized. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with the Reinforcement-Learning-based Lifetime Optimal routing protocol (RLLO) and Multi-Layer routing protocol through Fuzzy logic based Clustering mechanism (MLFC) algorithm, the proposed algorithm shows better performance in energy efficiency and energy consumption uniformity, and the network lifetime is raised by 20.1% and 40.5%, which can avoid the "energy hole" effectively.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), energy-hole, routing protocol, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), life cycle