[1] NAKAMOTO S. Bitcoin:a peer-to-peer electronic cash system[EB/OL].[2019-08-16]. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. [2] BONNEAU J, MILLER A, CLARK J, et al. SoK:research perspectives and challenges for bitcoin and cryptocurrencies[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Piscataway:IEEE, 2015:104-121. [3] UNDERWOOD S. Blockchain beyond bitcoin[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2016, 59(11):15-17. [4] 韩璇,刘亚敏.区块链技术中的共识机制研究[J].信息网络安全,2017(9):147-152. (HAN X, LIU Y M. Research on the consensus mechanisms of blockchain technology[J]. Netinfo Security, 2017(9):147-152.) [5] Ethereum.org. Ethereum Wiki White Paper[EB/OL].[2019-08-16]. https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper. [6] WOOD G. Ethereum:a secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger[EB/OL].[2019-08-16]. https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf. [7] LARIMER D. Delegated proof of stake consensus[EB/OL].[2019-08-16]. https://bitshares.org/technology/delegated-proof-of-stake-consensus/. [8] CASTRO M, LISKOV B. Practical Byzantine fault tolerance and proactive recovery[J]. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 2002, 20(4):398-461. [9] BUNTINX J P. What is proof of elapsed time?[EB/OL].[2020-02-28]. https://themerkle.com/what-is-proof-of-elapsed-time. [10] ATENIESE G, BONACINA I, FAONIO A, et al. Proofs of space:When space is of the essence[C]//Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Security and Cryptography for Networks, LNCS 8642. Cham:Springer, 2014:538-557. [11] 袁勇,倪晓春,曾帅,等. 区块链共识算法的发展现状与展望[J]. 自动化学报, 2018, 44(11):2011-2022. (YUAN Y, NI X C, ZENG S, et al. Blockchain consensus algorithms:the state of the art and future trends[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2018, 44(11):2011-2022.) [12] BENTOV I, LEE C, MIZRAHI A, et al. Proof of activity:extending bitcoin's proof of work via proof of stake[J]. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2014, 42(3):34-37. [13] CONTI M, KUMAR E S, LAL C, et al. A survey on security and privacy issues of bitcoin[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2018, 20(4):3416-3452. [14] KING S, NADAL S. PPCoin:peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof-of-stake[EB/OL].[2019-08-16]. https://www.peercoin.net/whitepapers/peercoin-paper.pdf. [15] LI W, ANDREINA S, BOHLI J M, et al. Securing proof-of-stake blockchain protocols[C]//Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Data Privacy Management, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology, LNCS 10436. Cham:Springer, 2017:297-315. [16] HOUY N. It will cost you nothing to "kill" a proof-of-stake crypto-currency[J]. Economics Bulletin, 2014, 34(2):1038-1044. |