关键词: 交通监控, 突发数据, 实时性, 模糊聚类, 媒体访问控制协议, 分层随机延迟

Abstract: In order to solve the real-time issue of burst data in traffic monitoring, an Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol based on fuzzy clustering called FC-MAC was proposed. This protocol works by alternating between Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and improved Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), which not only ensures periodic data transmission, but also enhances the real-time property of burst data. The method of fuzzy clustering was introduced to the phase of CSMA/CA, the nodes in a cluster were clustered according to factor vectors and assigned with different levels of priority according to their vectors, and burst data with higher priority was transmitted earlier. In addition, according to the timing slot allocation strategy of FC-MAC, a method of hierarchical random delay was presented to reduce the number of nodes accessing to sink node simultaneously and decrease the data delay caused by backoff mechanism. Simulation results show that the energy consumption of FC-MAC is between Z-MAC and S-LMAC. In the case of reducing delay of burst data, FC-MAC increases the network throughput by 11.2% and 21.3% respectively compared to Z-MAC and S-LMAC, and it is more adaptive to the change of network traffic.

Key words: traffic monitoring, burst data, real-time, fuzzy clustering, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, hierarchical random delay