关键词: 无线传感器网络, 局部节点分布, 簇头选举, 路由算法

Abstract: In the existing clustering routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the election of cluster head nodes in monitoring area is unevenly distributed. A Heterogeneous Node Distribution Clustering Routing Algorithm (HNDCRA) was put forward, in which the election probability of the cluster heads was controlled by the number of the distributed nodes in local area. The detection area of sensor network was divided into squared grids, and the distribution of the sensor nodes in the grids was computed to determine the election probability of the nodes. This could ensure that each grid would have cluster head and the nodes in grid with more nodes that would have bigger election probability, which made the cluster heads have uniform distribution to balance the energy consumption. The performance analysis and simulation experiments show that, compared with the classical LEACH protocol, HNDCRA can evenly distribute cluster heads to the network area, balance energy consumption of entire network distribution, improve the energy utilization, thus prolonging network life time.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), local nodes distribution, cluster heads election, routing algorithm