Human performance model with temporal constraint in human-computer interaction

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2015.02.0578

Abstract

Abstract:

Focusing on the issue that the prediction model for task accuracy is deficient in the relationship of speed-accuracy tradeoff in human computer interaction, a method of predictive model for accuracy based on temporal constraint was proposed. The method studied the relationship between task accuracy and specified temporal constraint when users tried to complete the task with a specified amount of time in the computer user interface by controlled experiments, which was used to measure the human performance in temporal constraint tasks. A series of steering tasks with temporal constraint were designed in the experiment, which manipulated the tunnel amplitude, tunnel width and specified movement time. The dependent variable in the experiment was the task accuracy, which was quantifiable as lateral deviation of the trajectory. It was pointed out that the task accuracy was linearly related to tunnel width and steering speed (indicated as specified movement time divided by tunnel amplitude) by analyzing the experimental data from 30 participants. Finally, a quantitative model was established to predict the task accuracy based on the least-square regression in steering tasks with temporal constraint. The proposed model has a good fit with the real dataset, the goodness of fit is 0.857.

Key words: steering task, human performance model, speed-accuracy tradeoff, temporal constraint, temporal error tolerance

摘要：

针对人机交互领域速度-准确度折中关系的预测中任务完成精确度的预测模型较为欠缺的问题,提出了一种基于时间约束的精确度模型预测方法。该方法采用了人机交互研究中常用的受控实验测试分析法,研究了在计算机用户界面中要求用户在给定的时间内完成任务时,任务完成的精确度与给定的时间约束之间的折中关系,用以衡量完成时间约束任务的人体工效。实验中设计了一系列受时间约束的轨道滑动任务,实验环境中自变量包括轨道长度、轨道宽度以及规定的在轨道中滑动的时间,因变量为任务完成的精确度,采用在轨道中滑动时轨迹的纵向偏差表示。通过对30位被试者实验数据的分析发现,任务完成的精确度与轨道宽度以及滑动速度(表示为轨道长度/规定的滑动时间)之间构成线性的关系,在此基础上采用最小二乘方回归法建立了一个基于时间约束的任务完成精确度的量化模型;该模型与真实实验数据集的拟合优度达到了0.857。

关键词: 轨道滑动任务, 人体工效模型, 速度-准确度折中, 时间约束, 时间误差容忍度

CLC Number:

TP391.9
TP18

ZHOU Xiaolei. Human performance model with temporal constraint in human-computer interaction[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2015, 35(2): 578-584.

周晓磊. 人机交互中基于时间约束的人体工效模型[J]. 计算机应用, 2015, 35(2): 578-584.

References

[1] ACCOT J, ZHAI S. Beyond Fitts' law: models for trajectory-based HCI tasks [C]//CHI 1997: Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 1997: 295-302.
[2] ACCOT J, ZHAI S. Performance evaluation of input devices in trajectory-based tasks: an application of the steering law [C]//CHI 1999: Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 1999: 466-472.
[3] ACCOT J, ZHAI S. Scale effects in steering law tasks [C]//CHI 2001: Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2001: 1-8.
[4] ZHAI S, ACCOT J, WOLTJER R. Human action laws in electronic virtual worlds — an empirical study of path steering performance in VR [J]. Presence, 2004, 13(2): 113-127.
[5] FITTS P M. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement [J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1954, 47(6): 381-391.
[6] WELFORD A T. Fundamentals of skill [M]. London: Methuen, 1968: 3-10.
[7] MACKENZIE I S. A note on the information-theoretic basis for Fitts' law [J]. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1989, 21: 323-330.
[8] ZHAI S, KONG J, REN X. Speed-accuracy tradeoff in Fitts' tasks — on the equivalency of actual and nominal pointing precision [J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2004, 61(6): 823-856.
[9] REN X, KONG J, JIANG Q. SH-model: a model based on both system and human effects for pointing task evaluation [J]. Journal of Information Processing Society of Japan, 2005, 46(5): 1343-1353.
[10] BI X, LI Y, ZHAI S. Fitt's law: modeling finger touch with Fitts' law [C] //CHI 2013: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2013: 1363-1372.
[11] BANOVIC N, GROSSMAN T, FITZMAURICE G. The effect of time-based cost of error in target-directed pointing tasks [C]//CHI 2013: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2013: 1373-1382.
[12] SCHMIDT R A, ZELAZNIK H, HAWKINS B. et al. Motor-output variability: a theory for the accuracy of rapid motor acts [J]. Psychological Review, 1979, 47(5): 415-451.
[13] WOBBROCK J O, CUTRELL E, HARADA S, et al. An error model for pointing based on Fitts' law [C]//CHI 2008: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2008: 1613-1622.
[14] PASTEL R. Measuring the difficulty of steering through corners [C]//CHI 2006: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2006: 1087-1096.
[15] KATTINAKERE R S, GROSSMAN T, SUBRAMANIAN S. Modeling steering within above-the-surface interaction layers [C]//CHI 2007: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2007: 317-326.
[16] CAO X, ZHAI S. Modeling human performance of pen stroke gestures [C]//CHI 2007: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2007: 1495-1504.
[17] ZELAZNIK H N, MONE S, MCCABE G P, et al. Role of temporal and spatial precision in determining the nature of the speed-accuracy trade-off in aimed-hand movements [J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1988, 14(2): 221-230.
[18] MEYER D E, ABRAMS R A, KORNBLUM S. et al. Optimality in human motor performance: ideal control of rapid aimed movements [J]. Psychological Review, 1988, 95(3): 340-370.
[19] KULIKOV S, MACKENZIE I S, STUERZLINGER W. Measuring the effective parameters of steering motions [C]//CHI 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM, 2005: 1569-1572.
[20] POULTON E C. Range effects in experiments on people [J]. American Journal of Psychology, 1975, 88(1): 3-32.
[21] ZHOU X, REN X. An investigation of subjective operational biases in steering tasks evaluation [J]. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2010, 29(2): 125-135.