Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021010107

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 183-190.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021010107

• Cyber security • Previous Articles

Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain

Li LI(), Yi WU, Zhikun YANG, Yunpeng CHEN

College of Information and Computer Engineering，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin Heilongjiang 150040，China

Received:2021-01-19 Revised:2021-05-14 Accepted:2021-05-18 Online:2022-01-11 Published:2022-01-10
Contact: Li LI
About author:LI Li， born in 1977， Ph. D.， associate professor. Her research interests include advanced software engineering， blockchain， large-scale distributed computing.
WU Yi， born in 1995， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include sharding based blockchain， blockchain performance， searchable encryption.
YANG Zhikun， born in 1997， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include directed acyclic graph based blockchain， blockchain performance.
CHEN Yunpeng， born in 1996， M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain， random number.

基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案

李莉(), 吴怡, 杨祉坤, 陈云鹏

东北林业大学信息与计算机工程学院，哈尔滨 150040

通讯作者: 李莉
作者简介:李莉（1977—），女，河南孟州人，副教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：先进软件工程、区块链、大型分布式计算
吴怡（1995—），女，福建三明人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：分区型区块链、区块链性能、可搜索加密
杨祉坤（1997—），女，辽宁抚顺人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：有向无环图区块链、区块链性能
陈云鹏（1996—），男，辽宁丹东人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、随机数。

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the limited scalability of medical data sharing based on traditional blockchains， a scale-out and sharing scheme of blockchain based on sharding technology was proposed. Firstly， the periodic network sharding was performed based on the jump consistent hash algorithm， and the risk of Sybil attacks in a single shard was greatly reduced by randomly dividing the network nodes. Then， the Scalable decentralized Trust inFrastructure for Blockchains （SBFT） consensus protocol was used in the shards to reduce the high communication complexity of the Pratic Byzantic Fault Torent （PBFT） consensus protocol， and the two-layer architecture was used between the physical multi-chain of shards and the logical single chain of the main chain to reduce the storage pressure of the members of shards. Finally， a multi-keyword association retrieval searchable encryption sharing scheme based on Public key Encryption with Conjunctive field Keyword Search （PECKS） was proposed on the medical consortium blockchain， so as to improve the patients’ control over their sensitive data， and realize the fine-grained search of sensitive data under encryption. Through performance analysis， it can be seen that under the parallel sharding structure， the throughput of blockchain is significantly increased with the increase of shards， and the retrieval efficiency is also significantly improved. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the efficiency and scalability of the blockchain system.

Key words: blockchain, sharding technology, consensus protocol, Medical Electronic Record (MER), searchable encryption, data sharing

摘要：

针对基于传统区块链进行医疗数据共享时可扩展性受限制的问题，提出一种基于分片技术的区块链扩容共享方案。首先，基于跳跃一致性哈希算法进行周期性网络分片，通过随机划分全网节点大幅度降低单分片内女巫攻击的风险；其次，分片内使用可扩展的去中心化信任基础设施区块链（SBFT）共识协议以降低实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）共识协议的高通信复杂度，并且在分片的物理多链与主链的逻辑单链间采用双层架构以减小分片成员的存储压力；最后，在医疗联盟链上提出基于公钥密码体制的多关键词关联检索可搜索加密共享方案（PECKS），从而提高病人对自己敏感数据的掌控度，并实现加密情况下敏感数据的细粒度检索。通过性能分析可以看出，在并行分片结构下，区块链吞吐量随分片增加有明显增长，检索效率也得到显著提升。实验结果表明，所提方案能大幅度提升区块链系统的效率与可扩展性。

关键词: 区块链, 分片技术, 共识协议, 医疗电子病历, 可搜索加密, 数据共享

CLC Number:

TP311

Li LI, Yi WU, Zhikun YANG, Yunpeng CHEN. Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(1): 183-190.

李莉, 吴怡, 杨祉坤, 陈云鹏. 基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2022, 42(1): 183-190.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Consensus process of SBFT

Fig. 2 The proposed two-layer blockchain structure model

Fig. 3 Status update process of block committed

Fig. 4 The proposed sharing model

Tab. 1 Function comparison among different schemes

方案	基于区块链	分片技术	细粒度访问控制	隐私保护	可搜索加密	多关键词关联检索	数据防篡改	共识机制
文献［15］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［16］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［17］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	PoW
文献［18］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	委托权益证明（Delegated Proof of Stake， DPoS）
文献［1］方案	$√$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	PBFT
本文方案	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	SBFT

Tab. 1 Function comparison among different schemes

方案	基于区块链	分片技术	细粒度访问控制	隐私保护	可搜索加密	多关键词关联检索	数据防篡改	共识机制
文献［15］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［16］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［17］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	PoW
文献［18］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	委托权益证明（Delegated Proof of Stake， DPoS）
文献［1］方案	$√$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	PBFT
本文方案	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	SBFT

Fig. 5 Throughput comparison

Tab. 2 Comparison of calculation cost

方案	加密阶段	检索阶段	解密阶段
文献［15］方案	$3 T e + T p + 4 T h$	$T e + 2 T p + T h$	$T e + T p + T h$
文献［16］方案	$8 T e + 2 T p + 7 T h$	$T p + T h$	$T p + T h$
本文方案	$(m + 1) T p + (m + 2) T h$	$T p + 2 t T h$	$T p + T h$

Tab. 2 Comparison of calculation cost

方案	加密阶段	检索阶段	解密阶段
文献［15］方案	$3 T e + T p + 4 T h$	$T e + 2 T p + T h$	$T e + T p + T h$
文献［16］方案	$8 T e + 2 T p + 7 T h$	$T p + T h$	$T p + T h$
本文方案	$(m + 1) T p + (m + 2) T h$	$T p + 2 t T h$	$T p + T h$

Fig. 6 Comparison of retrieval time

References 18

1	张磊，郑志勇，袁勇. 基于区块链的电子医疗病历可控共享模型［J］. 自动化学报， 2021， 47（9）： 2143-2153. 10.16383/j.aas.c200359
	ZHANG L， ZHENG Z Y， YUAN Y. A controllable sharding model for electronic health records based on blockchain［J］. Acta Automatica Sinica， 2021， 47（9）： 2143-2153. 10.16383/j.aas.c200359
2	成丽娟，祁正华，史俊成. 基于区块链的EHR数据安全存储共享方案［J］. 南京邮电大学学报（自然科学版）， 2020， 40（4）：96-102. 10.14132/j.cnki.1673-5439.2020.04.014
	CHENG L J， QI Z H， SHI J C. Blockchain based secure storage and sharing scheme for EHR data［J］. Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications （Natural Science Edition）， 2020， 40（4）： 96-102. 10.14132/j.cnki.1673-5439.2020.04.014
3	ZHANG K W， JACOBSEN H A. Towards dependable， scalable， and pervasive distributed ledgers with blockchains［C］// Proceedings of the IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Piscataway： IEEE， 2018：1337-1346. 10.1109/icdcs.2018.00134
4	BROWNE J. Brewer’s CAP theorem［EB/OL］. （2009-01-11）［2020-11-13］.. 10.1007/978-1-4899-7993-3_80644-1
5	LUU L， NARAYANAN V， ZHENG C D， et al. A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains［C］// Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York： ACM， 2016：17-30. 10.1145/2976749.2978389
6	ZAMANI M， MOVAHEDI M， RAYKOVA M. RapidChain： scaling blockchain via full sharding［C］// Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York： ACM， 2018：931-948. 10.1145/3243734.3243853
7	KOKORIS-KOGIAS E， JOVANOVIC P， GASSER L， et al. OmniLedger： a secure， scale-out， decentralized ledger via sharding［C］// Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Piscataway： IEEE， 2018：583-598. 10.1109/sp.2018.000-5
8	WANG J P， WANG H. Monoxide： scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones［C］// Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation. Berkeley： USENIX Association， 2019：95-112.
9	The ZILLIQA Team. The ZILLIQA technical whitepaper［EB/OL］. （2017-08-10）［2021-01-18］.. 10.21428/9610ddb2.a6a2490c
10	张长贵，张岩峰，李晓华，等. 区块链新技术综述：图型区块链和分区型区块链［J］. 计算机科学， 2020， 47（10）：282-289. 10.11896/jsjkx.191000057
	ZHANG C G， ZHANG Y F， LI X H， et al. Survey of new blockchain techniques： DAG based blockchain and sharding based blockchain［J］. Computer Science， 2020， 47（10）： 282-289. 10.11896/jsjkx.191000057
11	GUETA G G， ABRAHAM I， GROSSMAN S， et al. SBFT： a scalable decentralized trust infrastructure for blockchains［EB/OL］. （2019-01-02）［2021-01-18］..
12	PARK D J， KIM K， LEE P J. Public key encryption with conjunctive field keyword search［C］// Proceedings of the 2004 International Workshop on Information Security Applications， LNCS3325. Berlin： Springer， 2005：73-86.
13	LAMPING J， VEACH E. A fast， memoryminimal， consistent hash algorithm［EB/OL］. （2014-06-09）［2021-11-18］..
14	潘吉飞，黄德才. 基于跳跃Hash和异步共识组的区块链动态分片模型［J］. 计算机科学， 2020， 47（3）：273-280. 10.11896/jsjkx.190100238
	PAN J F， HUANG D C. Blockchain dynamic sharding model based on jump Hash and asynchronous consensus group［J］. Computer Science， 2020， 47（3）：273-280. 10.11896/jsjkx.190100238
15	牛淑芬，刘文科，陈俐霞，等. 基于联盟链的可搜索加密电子病历数据共享方案［J］. 通信学报， 2020， 41（8）：204-214. 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020116
	NIU S F， LIU W K， CHEN L X， et al. Electronic medical record data sharing scheme based on searchable encryption via consortium blockchain［J］. Journal on Communications， 2020， 41（8）： 204-214. 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020116
16	牛淑芬，陈俐霞，李文婷，等. 基于区块链的电子病历数据共享方案［J/OL］. 自动化学报（2020-05-26）［2021-01-22］.，
	CHEN L X， LI W T， et al. Electronic medical record data sharing scheme based on blockchain ［J/OL］. Acta Automatica Sinica （2020-05-26）［2021-01-22］.
17	杜瑞忠，谭艾伦，田俊峰. 基于区块链的公钥可搜索加密方案［J］. 通信学报， 2020， 41（4）：114-122. 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020070
	DU R Z， TAN A L， TIAN J F. Public key searchable encryption scheme based on blockchain［J］. Journal on Communications， 2020， 41（4）： 114-122. 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020070
18	罗文俊，闻胜莲，程雨. 基于区块链的电子医疗病历共享方案［J］. 计算机应用， 2020， 40（1）：157-161. 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2019060994
	LUO W J， WEN S L， CHENG Y. Blockchain-based electronic health record sharing scheme［J］. Journal of Computer Applications， 2020， 40（1）： 157-161. 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2019060994

[1]	Dingkang LIN, Jiaqi YAN, Nandeng BA, Zhenhao FU, Haochen JIANG. Survey of anonymity and tracking technology in Monero [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(1): 148-156.
[2]	GE Jihong, SHEN Tao. Energy data access control method based on blockchain [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(9): 2615-2622.
[3]	SHEN Yumin, WANG Jinlong, HU Diankai, LIU Xingyu. Multi-person collaborative creation system of building information modeling drawings based on blockchain [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(8): 2338-2345.
[4]	QING Xinyi, CHEN Yuling, ZHOU Zhengqiang, TU Yuanchao, LI Tao. Blockchain storage expansion model based on Chinese remainder theorem [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(7): 1977-1982.
[5]	YANG Longhai, WANG Xueyuan, JIANG Hesong. Blockchain digital signature scheme with improved SM2 signature method [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(7): 1983-1988.
[6]	CHEN Weiwei, CAO Li, GU Xiang. E-forensics model for internet of vehicles based on blockchain [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(7): 1989-1995.
[7]	GE Lina, HU Yugu, ZHANG Guifen, CHEN Yuanyuan. Reverse hybrid access control scheme based on object attribute matching in cloud computing environment [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(6): 1604-1610.
[8]	ZHANG Lihua, WANG Xinyi, HU Fangzhou, HUANG Yang, BAI Jiayi. Data sharing model of smart grid based on double consortium blockchains [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(4): 963-969.
[9]	TIAN Zhihong, ZHAO Jindong. Overview of blockchain consensus mechanism for internet of things [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(4): 917-929.
[10]	ZHANG Xuewang, YIN Zijie, FENG Jiaqi, YE Caijin, FU Kang. Data trading scheme based on blockchain and trusted computing [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(4): 939-944.
[11]	ZHANG Guochao, TANG Huayun, CHEN Jianhai, SHEN Rui, HE Qinming, HUANG Butian. Digital music copyright management system based on blockchain [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(4): 945-955.
[12]	LIU Hongyu, LIANG Xiubo, WU Junhan. Kubernetes-based Fabric chaincode management and high availability technology [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(4): 956-962.
[13]	LI Bei, ZHANG Wenyin, WANG Jiuru, ZHAO Wei, WANG Haifeng. Sealed-bid auction scheme based on blockchain [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(4): 999-1004.
[14]	GAO Haoyu, LI Leixiao, LIN Hao, LI Jie, DENG Dan, LI Shaoxu. Research and application progress of blockchain in area of data integrity protection [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(3): 745-755.
[15]	LIU Yu, ZHU Chaoyang, LI Jinze, LAO Yuanji, QIN Tuanfa. d-PBFT:detection consensus algorithm for alliance blockchain [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(3): 756-762.

Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain

基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 18

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics