Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 883-889.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2022111702
• Computer software technology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Zhongchen YUAN1(), Zongmin MA2
Received:
2022-11-16
Revised:
2023-11-15
Accepted:
2023-12-05
Online:
2024-01-05
Published:
2024-03-10
Contact:
Zhongchen YUAN
About author:
MA Zongmin, born in 1965, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include knowledge graph.
Supported by:
通讯作者:
袁中臣
作者简介:
马宗民(1965—),男,山东金乡人,教授,博士生导师,博士,CCF高级会员,主要研究方向:知识图谱。
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Zhongchen YUAN, Zongmin MA. UMCS tree based hybrid similarity measure of UML class diagram[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2024, 44(3): 883-889.
袁中臣, 马宗民. 基于UMCS树的UML类图的混合相似性度量[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2024, 44(3): 883-889.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://www.joca.cn/EN/10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2022111702
UML类图的元素类型 | UCG元素类型 | 标签 |
---|---|---|
类 | 类顶点 | cv |
属性 | 属性顶点 | av |
属性边 | ea | |
操作 | 操作顶点 | ov |
操作边 | eo | |
参数 | 参数顶点 | pv |
参数边 | ep | |
关系 | 关联边 | e1 |
泛化边 | e2 | |
聚合边 | e3 | |
组合边 | e4 | |
依赖边 | e5 | |
实现边 | e6 |
Tab. 1 Element types of UML class diagram and UCG
UML类图的元素类型 | UCG元素类型 | 标签 |
---|---|---|
类 | 类顶点 | cv |
属性 | 属性顶点 | av |
属性边 | ea | |
操作 | 操作顶点 | ov |
操作边 | eo | |
参数 | 参数顶点 | pv |
参数边 | ep | |
关系 | 关联边 | e1 |
泛化边 | e2 | |
聚合边 | e3 | |
组合边 | e4 | |
依赖边 | e5 | |
实现边 | e6 |
类型 | String | Integer | Double | Char | Byte | Long | Float | Void | Inst2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
String | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Integer | — | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Double | — | — | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Char | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.70 | 0.57 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Byte | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Long | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Float | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Void | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Inst1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Mat |
Tab. 2 Matching value between any type pair
类型 | String | Integer | Double | Char | Byte | Long | Float | Void | Inst2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
String | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Integer | — | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Double | — | — | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Char | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.70 | 0.57 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Byte | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Long | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Float | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Void | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Inst1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Mat |
测试组 | 样例数 | 平均尺寸 | 分布目录 |
---|---|---|---|
5, 10 | 13, 14 | H1, (H1) | |
5, 20 | 12, 13 | H1, (H1,H2) | |
5, 30 | 11, 12 | H1, (H1,H2, H3) | |
5, 10 | 22, 24 | H1, (H1) | |
5, 20 | 24, 25 | H1, (H1,H2) | |
5, 30 | 23, 24 | H1, (H1,H2, H3) |
Tab. 3 Characteristics of class diagrams used for experiment
测试组 | 样例数 | 平均尺寸 | 分布目录 |
---|---|---|---|
5, 10 | 13, 14 | H1, (H1) | |
5, 20 | 12, 13 | H1, (H1,H2) | |
5, 30 | 11, 12 | H1, (H1,H2, H3) | |
5, 10 | 22, 24 | H1, (H1) | |
5, 20 | 24, 25 | H1, (H1,H2) | |
5, 30 | 23, 24 | H1, (H1,H2, H3) |
样例组 | 样例数 | 分布 | 平均尺寸 |
---|---|---|---|
100 | H1(25%), H2(26%),H3(24%), H4(25%) | 12.5,13.5,12.6,13.0 | |
100 | H1(40%), H2(35%),H3(15%), H4(10%) | 12.0,14.0,12.5,13.5 | |
100 | H1(26%), H2(24%),H3(25%), H4(25%) | 25.4,13.5,12.5,7.5 | |
100 | H1(40%), H2(40%),H3(10%), H4(10%) | 12.5,13.5,7.6,25.0 |
Tab. 4 Characteristics of class diagram samples used for clustering
样例组 | 样例数 | 分布 | 平均尺寸 |
---|---|---|---|
100 | H1(25%), H2(26%),H3(24%), H4(25%) | 12.5,13.5,12.6,13.0 | |
100 | H1(40%), H2(35%),H3(15%), H4(10%) | 12.0,14.0,12.5,13.5 | |
100 | H1(26%), H2(24%),H3(25%), H4(25%) | 25.4,13.5,12.5,7.5 | |
100 | H1(40%), H2(40%),H3(10%), H4(10%) | 12.5,13.5,7.6,25.0 |
组成 | 样例数 | 分布 | 平均尺寸 |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | 60 | H1(30%), H2(30%) | 13.0 |
P2 | 20 | H3(10%), H4(10%) | 25.0 |
P3 | 20 | H1(10%), H4(10%) | 8.0 |
Tab. 5 Composition of testing samples
组成 | 样例数 | 分布 | 平均尺寸 |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | 60 | H1(30%), H2(30%) | 13.0 |
P2 | 20 | H3(10%), H4(10%) | 25.0 |
P3 | 20 | H1(10%), H4(10%) | 8.0 |
1 | KIM D K, SONG E, RYOO J, et al. Special issue on software reuse[J]. Software: Practice and Experience, 2017, 47(7): 941-942. 10.1002/spe.2504 |
2 | SUTCLIFFE A. Software reuse: state of the art and survey of technical approaches [M]// Integrated Software Reuse: Management and Techniques. London: Routledge Press, 2019: 51-76. 10.4324/9780429455520-6 |
3 | HASSELBRING W. Software architecture: past, present, future[M]// The Essence of Software Engineering. Cham: Springer, 2018: 169-184. 10.1007/978-3-319-73897-0_10 |
4 | RUMBAUGH J, JACOBSON I, BOOCH G. The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual[M]. 2nd ed. Noida, Uttar Pradesh: Pearson Education India, 2004:23-38. |
5 | MEDVIDOVIC N, ROSENBLUM D S, REDMILES D F, et al. Modeling software architectures in the Unified Modeling Language [J]. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 2002,11(1): 2-57. 10.1145/504087.504088 |
6 | MIKKONEN T, TAIVALSAARI A. Software reuse in the era of opportunistic design [J]. IEEE Software, 2019, 36(3): 105-111. 10.1109/ms.2018.2884883 |
7 | TEKLI J, CHBEIR R, YETONGNON K. A hybrid approach for XML similarity [C]// Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science. Berlin: Springer, 2007: 783-795. 10.1007/978-3-540-69507-3_68 |
8 | DAI Y, REN X. A hybrid method to evaluate similarity of XML document [C]// Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society. Amsterdam: Atlantis Press, 2016: 677-680. 10.2991/emcs-16.2016.165 |
9 | MA Z, ZHAO Z, YAN L. Heterogeneous fuzzy XML data integration based on structural and semantic similarities [J]. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2018, 351: 64-89. 10.1016/j.fss.2018.04.018 |
10 | SRINIVAS C, RAO C V G, RADHAKRISHNA V. Feature vector based component clustering for software reuse[C]// Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Engineering & MIS 2018. New York: ACM, 2018: No.39. 10.1145/3234698.3234737 |
11 | SALAMI H O, AHMED M. Class diagram retrieval using genetic algorithm[C]// Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications. Piscataway: IEEE, 2013: 96-101. 10.1109/icmla.2013.112 |
12 | NIKIFOROVA O, GUSAROVS K, KOZACENKO L, et al. An approach to compare UML class diagrams based on semantical features of their elements [C]// Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Software Engineering Advances. [S.l.]: IARIA Press, 2015: 147-152. 10.1515/acss-2014-0011 |
13 | ROBLES K, FRAGA A, MORATO J, et al. Towards an ontology-based retrieval of UML class diagrams [J]. Information and Software Technology, 2012, 54(1):72-86. 10.1016/j.infsof.2011.07.003 |
14 | A-R AL-KHIATY M, AHMED MA. UML class diagrams: similarity aspects and matching [J]. Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2016, 4 (1):41-47. 10.7763/lnse.2016.v4.221 |
15 | 袁中臣,马宗民.基于语义和结构的UML类图的检索[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2020,41(1):23-28. |
YUAN Z C, MA Z M. Retrieval of UML class diagrams based on semantics and structure[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2020, 41(1): 23-28. | |
16 | 袁中臣,马宗民.基于语义的UML类图的集成分类[J].计算机工程与应用,2021,57(12):257-262. |
YUAN Z C, MA Z M. Ensemble classification for UML class diagram based on semantics[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2021, 57(12): 257-262. | |
17 | MA Z, YUAN Z, YAN L. Two-level clustering of UML class diagrams based on semantics and structure [J]. Information and Software Technology, 2021, 130: 106456. 10.1016/j.infsof.2020.106456 |
18 | MENG L, HUANG R, GU J. A review of semantic similarity measures in WordNet [J]. International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 2013, 6(1): 1-12. |
19 | FAUZAN R, SIAHAAN D, ROCHIMAH S, et al. Class diagram similarity measurement: a different approach[C]// Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technology, Information System and Electrical Engineering. Piscataway: IEEE, 2018: 215-219. 10.1109/icitisee.2018.8721021 |
20 | QIU D H, LI H, SUN J L. Measuring software similarity based on structure and property of class diagram[C]// Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence. Piscataway: IEEE, 2013:75-80. 10.1109/icaci.2013.6748477 |
21 | LUCRÉDIO D, FORTES RPM, WHITTLE J. MOOGLE: a metamodel-based model search engine [J]. Software and Systems Modeling, 2012, 11(2): 183-208. 10.1007/s10270-010-0167-7 |
22 | ZHANG X, CHEN H, ZHANG T. An UML model query method based on structure pattern matching [C]// Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Trustworthy Computing and Services. 2013: 506-513. 10.1007/978-3-642-35795-4_64 |
23 | YUAN Z, YAN L, MA Z. Structural similarity measure between UML class diagrams based on UCG [J]. Requirements Engineering, 2020, 25(2):213-229. 10.1007/s00766-019-00317-w |
24 | GROSS J L, YELLEN J, ANDERSON M. Graph Theory and Its Applications[M]. 3rd ed. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2018: 34-57. 10.1201/9780429425134 |
25 | CONTE D, FOGGIA P, SANSONE C, et al. Thirty years of graph matching in pattern recognition [J]. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 2004, 18(3): 265-298. 10.1142/s0218001404003228 |
26 | SAVAGE N. Graph matching in theory and practice [J]. Communications of the ACM, 2016, 59(7):12-14. 10.1145/2933412 |
27 | EGOZI A, KELLER Y, GUTERMAN H. A probabilistic approach to spectral graph matching [J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2012, 35(1): 18-27. 10.1109/tpami.2012.51 |
28 | SABIR U, AZAM F, HAQ S U, et al. A model driven reverse engineering framework for generating high level UML models from java source code[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 158931-158950. 10.1109/access.2019.2950884 |
29 | SATHYA R, ABRAHAM A.Comparison of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms for pattern classification [J].International Journal of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence, 2013, 2(2): 34-38. 10.14569/ijarai.2013.020206 |
30 | HOSSIN M, SULAIMAN M N. A review on evaluation metrics for data classification evaluations [J]. International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process, 2015, 5(2): 1-11. 10.5121/ijdkp.2015.5201 |
[1] | LU Qiang, LIU Xingyu. Semantic matching model of knowledge graph in question answering system based on transfer learning [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2018, 38(7): 1846-1852. |
[2] | HOU Jinkui, WANG Chengduan. Formal description approach for software component in model-driven development [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2015, 35(9): 2692-2700. |
[3] | . Object-oriented three-layer modeling in MDA [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2010, 30(2): 385-389. |
[4] | . Study on model transformation and computer demonstration of virtual prototype [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2006, 26(9): 2057-2058. |
[5] | CHENG Guo-da,ZOU Ya-hui,ZHU Jing. A self-adaptive approach for information integration [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2005, 25(03): 666-669. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||