Satellite Edge Computing (SEC) improves computational efficiency for remote users by offloading tasks to satellite servers. However, SEC system performance may be affected by wireless transmission quality, since there is signal interference among User Equipments (UEs). To this end, we proposed a User-Centric SEC (UCSEC) architecture to allocate Access Point (AP) clusters dynamically according to the real-time location of users and network conditions. To handle dynamic task offloading in UCSEC, we designed a Master-Slave multi-agent Proximal Policy Optimization with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Multi-head Attention mechanism (MSPPO_GMA) algorithm. The algorithm adopted a centralized control-distributed execution framework. The master agent, deployed on the SEC server, monitored global resource constraints and coordinated slave agents, while slave agents deployed on the UE executed task offloading and resource allocation according to network states. In MSPPO_GMA algorithm, GRU captured temporal correlations of network states, while multi-head attention focused on critical information of task offloading and resource allocation. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with MAPPO, MATD3 and other algorithms, MSPPO_GMA algorithm reduces task completion latency by 3.7% to 13.6% and UE energy consumption by 6.5% to 13.2%.