The location of books is one of the critical technologies to realize the intelligent development of libraries， and the accurate book spine segmentation algorithm has become a major challenge to achieve this goal. Based on the above solution， an improved book spine segmentation algorithm based on improved DeepLabv3+ network was proposed， aiming to solve the difficulties in book spine segmentation caused by dense arrangement， skew angles of books， and extremely similar book spine textures. Firstly， to extract more dense pyramid features of book images， the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling （ASPP） in the original DeepLabv3+ network was replaced by the multi-dilation rate and multi-scale DenseASPP （Dense Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling） module. Secondly， to solve the problem of insensitivity of the original DeepLabv3+ network to the segmentation boundaries of objects with large aspect ratios， Strip Pooling （SP） module was added to the branch of the DenseASPP module to enhance the strip features of book spines. Finally， based on the Multi-Head Self-Attention （MHSA） mechanism in ViT （Vision Transformer）， a global information enhancement-based self-attention mechanism was proposed to enhance the network’s ability to obtain long-distance features. The proposed algorithm was tested and compared on an open-source database， and the experimental results show that compared with the original DeepLabv3+ network segmentation algorithm， the proposed algorithm improves the Mean Intersection over Union （MIoU） by 1.8 percentage points on the nearly vertical book spine database and by 4.1 percentage points on the skewed book spine database， and the latter MIoU of the proposed algorithm achieves 93.3%. The above confirms that the proposed algorithm achieves accurate segmentation of book spine targets with certain skew angles， dense arrangement， and large aspect ratios.