[1]BOTINIS A. Intonation systems: a survey of twenty languages[M]. HIRST D, CRISTO A D. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 288-310.[2]COOPER W E, EADY S J, MUELLER P R. Acoustical aspects of contrastive stress in question-answer contexts[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1985, 77(6): 2142-2156.[3]XU Y, XU C X. Phonetic realization of focus in English declarative intonation[J]. Journal of Phonetics, 2005, 33(2): 159-197.[4]THORSEN N G. Intonation and text in standard Danish[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1985, 77(3): 1205-1216.[5]XU Y. Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of F0 contours[J]. Journal of Phonetics, 1999, 27: 55-105.[6]CHEN Y Y, GUSSENHOVEN C. Emphasis and tonal implementation in standard Chinese[J]. Journal of Phonetics, 2008, 36(4): 724-746.[7]王蓓,吐尔逊·卡得,许毅. 维吾尔语焦点的韵律实现及感知[J]. 声学学报, 2013,38(1):92-98.[8]SHEN X S. The prosody of Mandarin Chinese[M]. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.[9]HO A T. Intonation variation in a Mandarin sentence for three expressions: interrogative, exclamatory and declarative[J]. Phonetica, 1977, 34(6): 446-457.[10]HAAN J. Speaking of questions: an exploration of Dutch question intonation[D]. Utrecht: Universiteit Nijmegen, 2001.[11]LINDAU M. Testing a model of intonation in a tone language[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1986, 80(3): 757-764.[12]INKELAS S, LEBEN W R. Where phonology and phonetics intersect: the case of Hausa intonation[M]. KINGSTON J, BECKMAN M E. Papers in laboratory phonology1: Between the grammar and physics of speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990:17-34.[13]MA J K-Y, CIOCCA V, WHITEHILL T L. The effects of intonation patterns on lexical tone production in Cantonese[EB/OL]. [2012-12-18].http://sprosig.isle.illinois.edu/tal2004/tal2004-Beijing/Ma-Whitehill-Ciocca.pdf.[14]林茂灿. 疑问和陈述语气与边界调[J]. 中国语文, 2006(4):364-376.[15]ZENG X L, MARTIN P, BOULAKIA G. Tones and intonation in declarative and interrogativesentences in Mandarin[EB/OL].[2012-12-18].http://sprosig.isle.illinois.edu/tal2004/tal2004-Beijing/Zeng-Martin.pdf.[16]EAD Y S J, COOPER W E. Speech intonation and focus location in matched statements and questions[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1986, 80(2): 402-415.[17]XU Y, KIM J. Downstep, regressive upstep, H-raising, or what? Sorting out the phonetic mechanisms of a set of phonological phenomena[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996,100(4):2824-2824.[18]LIU F, XU Y. Parallel encoding of focus and interrogative meaning in Mandarin intonation[J]. Phonetica, 2005, 62(2/3/4): 70-87.[19]LIU F. Intonational systems of Mandarin and English: A functional approach[D]. Chicago: The University of Chicago,2009.[20]尹巧云, 王玲, 王蓓, 等. 德昂语中焦点和疑问语气在语调上的共同编码方式[DB/OL]. [2012-12-18]. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference_7484270.aspx.[21]王玲. 焦点的编码方式——德昂语、佤语、藏语、汉语等语言比较研究[D]. 北京:中央民族大学, 2011.[22]van HEUVEN V J J P, van ZANTEN-WERVELMAN E A. Speech rate as a secondary prosodic characteristic of polarity questions in three languages[J]. Speech Communication, 2005, 47(1/2): 87-99.[23]江海燕,刘岩,卢莉. 维吾尔语疑问语调的声学特征[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2008,48(S1):635-639.[24]XU Y. TimeNormalizeF0. praat. [2010-10-10].http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/yi/downloads.html.[25]WANG B, XU Y. Differential prosodic encoding of topic and focus in sentence-initial position in Mandarin Chinese[J]. Journal of Phonetics, 2011, 39(4):595-611.[26]LIU F. Single vs. double focus in English statements and yes/no questions[EB/OL]. [2010-10-10].http://speechprosody2010.illinois.edu/papers/100975.pdf. |