Data trusted traceability method based on Merkle mountain range

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021081369

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 2765-2771.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021081369

Special Issue: 网络空间安全

• Cyber security • Previous Articles Next Articles

Data trusted traceability method based on Merkle mountain range

Wei LIU¹^,², Cong ZHANG¹, Wei SHE¹^,², Xuan SONG¹, Zhao TIAN¹()

^1.School of Cyber Science and Engineering，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou Henan 450002，China
^2.Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Internet Medical and Health Services （Zhengzhou University），Zhengzhou Henan 450052，China

Received:2021-08-02 Revised:2021-12-03 Accepted:2021-12-06 Online:2022-01-07 Published:2022-09-10
Contact: Zhao TIAN
About author:LIU Wei， born in 1981， Ph. D.， associate professor. His research interests include blockchain， wireless mesh network， information security.
ZHANG Cong， born in 1997， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain.
SHE Wei， born in 1977， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include blockchain， information security， trusted distributed system.
SONG Xuan， born in 1971， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include information security， software engineering.
Supported by:
Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(21HASTIT031);Major Public Welfare Project of Henan Province(201300210300);Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers of Colleges and Universities in Henan(2019GGJS018);Key Research and Development and Promotion Project in Henan Province(212102310039);Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(20A520035)

基于Merkle山脉的数据可信溯源方法

刘炜¹^,², 张聪¹, 佘维¹^,², 宋轩¹, 田钊¹()

^1.郑州大学网络空间安全学院，郑州 450002
^2.互联网医疗与健康服务河南省协同创新中心（郑州大学），郑州 450052

通讯作者: 田钊
作者简介:刘炜（1981—），男，河南安阳人，副教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：区块链、无线mesh网络、信息安全；
张聪（1997—），女，河南商丘人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链；
佘维（1977—），男，湖南常德人，教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：区块链、信息安全、可信分布式系统；
宋轩（1971—），男，河南焦作人，教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：信息安全、软件工程；
基金资助:
河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目(21HASTIT031);河南省重大公益专项(201300210300);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2019GGJS018);河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102310039);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A520035)

Abstract

Abstract:

Concerning the problems of the high cost of massive data storage and low efficiency of data traceability verification in the Internet of Things （IoT） system， a data trusted traceability method based on Merkel Mountain Range （MMR）， named MMRBCV （Merkle Mountain Range BlockChain Verification）， was proposed. Firstly， Inter-Planetary File System （IPFS） was used to realize the storage of the IoT data. Secondly， the consortium blockchains and private blockchains were adopted to design a double-blockchain structure to realize reliable recording of the data flow process. Finally， based on the MMR， a block structure was constructed to realize the rapid verification of lightweight IoT nodes in the process of data traceability. Experimental results show that MMRBCV reduces the amount of data downloaded during data tracing， and the data verification time is related to the structure of MMR. When MMR forms a perfect binary tree， the data verification time is short. When the block height is 200 000， MMRBCV’s maximum verification time is about 10 ms， which is about 72% shorter than that of Simplified Payment Verification （SPV）（about 36 ms）， indicating that the proposed method improves the verification efficiency effectively.

Key words: Merkle Mountain Range (MMR), blockchain, data traceability, lightweight node, verification

摘要：

针对物联网（IoT）系统中海量数据存储成本大、数据溯源验证效率低等问题，提出一种基于Merkle山脉（MMR）的可信数据溯源方法MMRBCV。首先，利用IPFS存储IoT数据；其次，采用联盟链和私有链来设计一种双链结构，从而实现数据流转过程的可靠记录；最后，基于MMR设计区块结构，以实现轻量级IoT节点在数据溯源过程中的快速验证。实验结果表明，MMRBCV减少了数据溯源时所下载的数据量，且数据验证时间与MMR结构有关，当MMR可以组成一个完美二叉树时数据验证时间较短。当区块高度为200 000时，MMRBCV的最大验证时间约为10 ms，比SPV的最大验证时间（约为36 ms）缩短了约72%，可见所提方法有效提高了验证效率。

关键词: Merkle山脉, 区块链, 数据溯源, 轻量级节点, 验证

CLC Number:

TP391

Wei LIU, Cong ZHANG, Wei SHE, Xuan SONG, Zhao TIAN. Data trusted traceability method based on Merkle mountain range[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(9): 2765-2771.

刘炜, 张聪, 佘维, 宋轩, 田钊. 基于Merkle山脉的数据可信溯源方法[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2022, 42(9): 2765-2771.

Figures/Tables 12

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区块链特点	公有链	联盟链	私有链
共识群体	任何节点	联盟节点	指定节点
中心化	低	中	高
交易效率	低	中	高
交易数据	公开	半公开	非公开
激励机制	需要	可选	不需要
应用	比特币	Hyperledger Fabric	蚂蚁金服

区块链特点	公有链	联盟链	私有链
共识群体	任何节点	联盟节点	指定节点
中心化	低	中	高
交易效率	低	中	高
交易数据	公开	半公开	非公开
激励机制	需要	可选	不需要
应用	比特币	Hyperledger Fabric	蚂蚁金服

区块高度/10³	SPV下载数据量/MB	MMRBCV下载数据量/MB
1	0.268	0.248
2	0.537	0.498
3	0.806	0.750
10	3.689	2.521
20	6.387	5.065
30	9.086	7.622
60	19.883	17.882
100	26.977	25.591
150	40.523	38.493
200	54.063	51.404

区块高度/10³	SPV下载数据量/MB	MMRBCV下载数据量/MB
1	0.268	0.248
2	0.537	0.498
3	0.806	0.750
10	3.689	2.521
20	6.387	5.065
30	9.086	7.622
60	19.883	17.882
100	26.977	25.591
150	40.523	38.493
200	54.063	51.404

区块高度	验证时间/ms	区块高度	验证时间/ms
16 383（2¹⁴-1）	2.637 1	32 768（2¹⁵）	3.005 6
16 384（2¹⁴）	2.583 4	65 535（2¹⁶-1）	5.665 7
32 767（2¹⁵-1）	3.083 1	65 536（2¹⁶）	5.655 9

Data trusted traceability method based on Merkle mountain range

基于Merkle山脉的数据可信溯源方法

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