Certificateless conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANET

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2022111757

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (11): 3358-3367.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2022111757

• National Open Distributed and Parallel Computing Conference 2022 (DPCS 2022） • Previous Articles Next Articles

Certificateless conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANET

Guishuang XU¹^,², Xinchun YIN¹^,²^,³()

^1.College of Information Engineering，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127，China
^2.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology （Sun Yat?sen University），Guangzhou Guangdong 510006，China
^3.Guangling College，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou Jiangsu 225128，China

Received:2022-11-04 Revised:2023-02-01 Accepted:2023-02-10 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-11-10
Contact: Xinchun YIN
About author:XU Guishuang， born in 1999， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include certificateless signature， communication security of vehicular ad-hoc network.
YIN Xinchun， born in 1962， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include cryptology， software quality assurance， high-performance computing.
Supported by:
Opening Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology(2020B1212060078)

车载自组网无证书条件隐私保护认证方案

徐贵双¹^,², 殷新春¹^,²^,³()

^1.扬州大学信息工程学院, 江苏扬州 225127
^2.广东省信息安全技术重点实验室(中山大学), 广州 510006
^3.扬州大学广陵学院, 江苏扬州 225128

通讯作者: 殷新春
作者简介:徐贵双（1999—），女，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：无证书签名、车载自组网通信安全
殷新春（1962—），男，江苏姜堰人，教授，博士生导师，博士，CCF高级会员，主要研究方向：密码学、软件质量保障、高性能计算。 xcyin@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
广东省信息安全技术重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2020B1212060078)

Abstract

Abstract:

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork （VANET） is vital for constructiong intelligent transportation systems because of obvious advantages in sharing traffic data， improving driving efficiency and reducing traffic accidents. Meanwhile， problems such as secure communication of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure， privacy-preserving of vehicles （e.g.， identity privacy， location privacy）， and efficient authentication of traffic messages need to be solved urgently. To achieve a trade-off between security and efficiency， firstly， the recently proposed scheme， namely Conditional Privacy-Preserving CertificateLess Aggregate Signature scheme （CPP-CLAS）， was analyzed and proved to be unable to resist the public key replacement attack. Then， based on this scheme， a new certificateless conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANET was proposed， in which the secure channels were not required during partial private key generation of vehicles. In addition， aggregate verification and batch verification were employed to verify a batch of signatures in the scheme. Finally， the proposed scheme was proved to have unforgeability under random oracle model. Performance analysis show that compared with the similar schemes， the proposed scheme improves the computational efficiency of the signature phase by at least 66.76% and reduces the communication bandwidth demand by at least 16.67% without increasing the verification overhead， verifying that the proposed scheme is more suitable for resource-constrained VANET.

Key words: Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET), message authentication, conditional privacy-preserving, secure channel, provable security

摘要：

车载自组网（VANET）在共享交通数据、提升行车效率、减少交通事故等方面具有明显优势，对智能交通系统的构建至关重要。与此同时，车与车之间、车与基础设施之间的安全通信，车辆的隐私保护（如身份隐私、位置隐私），交通消息的高效认证等问题亟待解决。为了实现安全性和效率的平衡，首先，分析并证明最近提出的方案——条件隐私保护无证书聚合签名方案（CPP-CLAS）不能抵抗公钥替换攻击；其次，在此基础上提出一种新型VANET无证书条件隐私保护认证方案，方案中的车辆在申请部分私钥时不依赖安全信道，并采用聚合认证和批量认证技术批量验证签名；最后，在随机预言机模型下证明了所提方案具有不可伪造性。性能分析表明，与同类型方案相比，所提方案在没有增加验证开销的基础上，将签名阶段的计算效率至少提升了66.76%，通信带宽需求至少降低了16.67%，验证了该方案更加适用于资源受限的VANET。

关键词: 车载自组网, 消息认证, 条件隐私保护, 安全信道, 可证明安全

CLC Number:

TP309.7

Guishuang XU, Xinchun YIN. Certificateless conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANET[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(11): 3358-3367.

徐贵双, 殷新春. 车载自组网无证书条件隐私保护认证方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2023, 43(11): 3358-3367.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab. 1 Notations description of proposed scheme

符号	含义
q	一个大素数
G	阶为 $q$ 的加法循环群
P	群 $G$ 的生成元
params	系统公共参数
$P p u b$	KGC的公钥
s	KGC的私钥
$T p u b$	TA的公钥
a	TA的私钥
$R I D i / I D i / P I D i$	车辆 $V i$ 的真实/伪/假名身份
$T i / t i$	$P I D i$ 的有效期/系统当前时间戳
$x i / d i$	车辆 $V i$ 的秘密值/部分私钥
$P K i / S K i$	车辆 $V i$ 的公钥/私钥
$m i$	待签名的消息
$σ i / σ$	单个/聚合签名

Tab. 1 Notations description of proposed scheme

符号	含义
q	一个大素数
G	阶为 $q$ 的加法循环群
P	群 $G$ 的生成元
params	系统公共参数
$P p u b$	KGC的公钥
s	KGC的私钥
$T p u b$	TA的公钥
a	TA的私钥
$R I D i / I D i / P I D i$	车辆 $V i$ 的真实/伪/假名身份
$T i / t i$	$P I D i$ 的有效期/系统当前时间戳
$x i / d i$	车辆 $V i$ 的秘密值/部分私钥
$P K i / S K i$	车辆 $V i$ 的公钥/私钥
$m i$	待签名的消息
$σ i / σ$	单个/聚合签名

Fig. 1 System model of VANET

Tab. 2 Comparison of security

方案来源	认证性	不可否认性	匿名性	条件可追踪性	不可链接性	抗攻击性
方案来源	认证性	不可否认性	匿名性	条件可追踪性	不可链接性	$A I$	$A I I$	重放	冒充	篡改	中间人
文献［7］	√	√	√	√	×	×	√	√	√	√	√
文献［8］	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	×	×	√	√
文献［9］	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	√	√
文献［10］	√	√	√	√	√	×	×	√	√	√	√
本文	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

Tab. 2 Comparison of security

方案来源	认证性	不可否认性	匿名性	条件可追踪性	不可链接性	抗攻击性
方案来源	认证性	不可否认性	匿名性	条件可追踪性	不可链接性	$A I$	$A I I$	重放	冒充	篡改	中间人
文献［7］	√	√	√	√	×	×	√	√	√	√	√
文献［8］	×	√	√	√	√	√	×	×	×	√	√
文献［9］	√	√	√	√	√	√	×	√	√	√	√
文献［10］	√	√	√	√	√	×	×	√	√	√	√
本文	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

Tab. 3 Execution time of cryptographic operations

符号	含义	时间/ms
T_bp	一次双线性配对运算	4.211 0
T_{bp_m}	一次基于配对的标量乘运算	1.739 0
T_{bp_a}	一次基于配对的点加运算	0.007 1
T_{ecc_m}	一次椭圆曲线上的标量乘运算	0.442 0
T_{ecc_a}	一次椭圆曲线上的点加运算	0.001 8
T_mtp	一次映射到点的哈希运算	4.406 0

Tab. 4 Comparison of computational cost

方案来源	签名	单个签名验证	聚合签名验证
文献［7］	T_{ecc_m}=0.442 0	3T_{ecc_m}+2T_{ecc_a}=1.331 6	（2n+1）T_{ecc_m}+2nT_{ecc_a}=0.887 6n+0.442 0
文献［8］	2T_{bp_m}+T_{bp_a}=3.485 1	3T_bp+T_{bp_m}+T_{bp_a}+T_mtp=18.785 1	3T_bp+T_{bp_m}+nT_{bp_a}+nT_mtp=4.413 1n+14.372
文献［9］	3T_{bp_m}+T_{bp_a}=5.224 1	3T_bp+T_{bp_m}+T_{bp_a}+T_mtp=18.785 1	3T_bp+T_{bp_m}+nT_{bp_a}+nT_mtp=4.413 1n+14.372
文献［10］	3T_{ecc_m}+2T_{ecc_a}=1.329 6	4T_{ecc_m}+3T_{ecc_a}=1.773 4	（3n+1）T_{ecc_m}+3nT_{ecc_a}=1.331 4n+0.442
本文	T_{ecc_m}=0.442 0	4T_{ecc_m}+3T_{ecc_a}=1.773 4	（3n+1）T_{ecc_m}+3nT_{ecc_a}=1.331 4n +0.442

Tab. 5 Comparison of communication cost

方案来源	单个签名	$n$ 个签名
文献［7］	$4 G$ + $2 Z q *$ =1 600	（3n+1） $G$ +（n+1） $Z q *$ =1 120n+480
文献［8］	$4 G 1$ + $2 Z q *$ =4 416	（3n+1） $G 1$ +2n $Z q *$ =3 392n+1 024
文献［9］	$4 G 2$ + $Z q *$ =4 256	（2n+1） $G 1$ +n $Z q *$ =2 208n+1 024
文献［10］	$4 G$ + $4 Z q *$ =1 920	（3n+1） $G$ +（3n+1） $Z q *$ =1 440n+480
本文	$4 G$ + $2 Z q *$ =1 600	4n $G$ +（n+1） $Z q *$ =1 440n+320

Tab. 5 Comparison of communication cost

方案来源	单个签名	$n$ 个签名
文献［7］	$4 G$ + $2 Z q *$ =1 600	（3n+1） $G$ +（n+1） $Z q *$ =1 120n+480
文献［8］	$4 G 1$ + $2 Z q *$ =4 416	（3n+1） $G 1$ +2n $Z q *$ =3 392n+1 024
文献［9］	$4 G 2$ + $Z q *$ =4 256	（2n+1） $G 1$ +n $Z q *$ =2 208n+1 024
文献［10］	$4 G$ + $4 Z q *$ =1 920	（3n+1） $G$ +（3n+1） $Z q *$ =1 440n+480
本文	$4 G$ + $2 Z q *$ =1 600	4n $G$ +（n+1） $Z q *$ =1 440n+320

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Certificateless conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANET

车载自组网无证书条件隐私保护认证方案

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