Blockchain-based data notarization model for autonomous driving simulation testing

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024091280

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2421-2427.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024091280

• National Open Distributed and Parallel Computing Conference 2024 (DPCS 2024） • Previous Articles

Blockchain-based data notarization model for autonomous driving simulation testing

Haiyang PENG¹, Weixing JI²(), Fawang LIU³

^1.School of Computer Science and Technology，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
^2.School of Artificial Intelligence，Beijing Normal University，Beijing 100875，China
^3.Equipment Industry Development Center，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Beijing 100846，China

Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2024-10-24 Accepted:2024-10-24 Online:2024-11-19 Published:2025-08-10
Contact: Weixing JI
About author:PENG Haiyang， born in 2000， M. S. candidate. His research interests include autonomous driving simulation testing.
LIU Fawang， born in 1981， Ph. D.， senior engineer. His research interests include intelligent connected vehicles.
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD0116311)

基于区块链的自动驾驶仿真测试数据存证模型

彭海洋¹, 计卫星²(), 刘法旺³

^1.北京理工大学计算机学院，北京 100081
^2.北京师范大学人工智能学院，北京 100875
^3.工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心，北京 100846

通讯作者: 计卫星
作者简介:彭海洋（2000—），男，重庆人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：自动驾驶仿真测试
刘法旺（1981—），男，河南信阳人，正高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向：智能网联汽车。
基金资助:
新一代人工智能国家科技重大专项(2022ZD0116311)

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of safety caused by multi-party data sharing in autonomous driving simulation testing， a blockchain-based model for data notarization of autonomous driving simulation testing was proposed to ensure secure storage and traceability of the data， thereby providing reliable support for auditing work. Firstly， the semi-public characteristics of consortium blockchain were utilized to ensure that on-chain data were only visible to authorized organizations， while a permission verification mechanism based on RBAC （Role-Based Access Control） model was employed to implement access control for these organizations. Secondly， a smart contract template was defined to standardize the data access process， and process extension points were open to support customized functions， for example， allowing extension of associated smart contracts to ensure automatic execution of simulation resource trading activities. Finally， optimization strategies， including on-chain and off-chain hybrid storage of InterPlanetary File System （IPFS）， data batch processing， and resource data caching， were proposed to address limitations of blockchain storage resources and processing capabilities. Tests were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of data notarization for 500 data simulation scenarios generated by large language models. Experimental results show that compared to the direct access method， the notarization process applying batch processing strategy reduces the total transaction number by 72.00%， decreasing the performance consumption caused by smart contract calls significantly， and has the average time for writing and reading all data reduced by 85.36% and 52.67%， respectively. It can be seen that the proposed model provides reliable technical support for the data security of multi-party data sharing in autonomous driving simulation testing， while the proposed optimization strategies improve the data memory access efficiency significantly.

Key words: autonomous driving simulation testing, blockchain, smart contract, data notarization, data security

摘要：

针对自动驾驶仿真测试中多参与者数据共享引发的安全性问题，提出一种基于区块链的自动驾驶仿真测试数据的存证模型，确保数据安全存储且具备可追溯性，进而为审计工作提供可靠支持。首先，利用联盟链的半公开特性确保链上数据仅对授权组织可见，同时利用基于RBAC （Role-Based Access Control）模型的权限校验机制实现针对这些组织的访问控制；其次，定义智能合约模板以规范数据存取流程，并开放流程扩展点以支持自定义功能，例如允许扩展关联合约以确保仿真资源交易行为的自动执行；最后，提出星际文件系统（IPFS）链上链下混合存储、数据批量处理和资源数据缓存等优化策略解决区块链存储资源和处理能力受限的问题。针对数据存证效率进行测试，并对大语言模型生成的500个仿真场景进行数据存证。实验结果表明，与直接存取方法相比，应用批量处理策略的存证过程的总事务量降低了72.00%，大幅减少了智能合约调用带来的性能消耗，而全量数据的写入和读取平均耗时分别降低了85.36%和52.67%。可见，所提模型为自动驾驶仿真测试中的多方数据共享的数据安全性提供了可靠的技术支持，而所提优化策略显著提高了数据的访存效率。

关键词: 自动驾驶仿真测试, 区块链, 智能合约, 数据存证, 数据安全

CLC Number:

TP309.2

Haiyang PENG, Weixing JI, Fawang LIU. Blockchain-based data notarization model for autonomous driving simulation testing[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(8): 2421-2427.

彭海洋, 计卫星, 刘法旺. 基于区块链的自动驾驶仿真测试数据存证模型[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2025, 45(8): 2421-2427.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Data interaction in autonomous driving simulation testing

Fig. 2 Template of smart contract

Fig. 3 Data notarization model for autonomous driving simulation testing

Fig. 4 Framework of autonomous driving simulation testing system

Fig. 5 Framework of optimized autonomous driving simulation testing system

Fig. 6 Influence of transaction number on access of Fabric network

Fig. 7 Influence of transaction data size on writing time of Fabric network

Tab. 1 Details of test scenario library

场景类型	动态场景数	静态场景数	动态场景平均大小/KB	静态场景平均大小/KB
车道保持	100	5	7.38	5.47
变道超车	100	5	6.41	5.21
行人避让	100	5	6.69	4.29
障碍物避让	100	5	6.60	4.78
城市道路巡航	100	5	104.95	58.20

Tab. 2 Efficiency comparison between direct access and batch access

存取方式	事务量	写入		读取
存取方式	事务量	耗时/s	每秒事务数	耗时/s	每秒事务数
直接存取	500	7.99	62.54	1.50	333.77
批量存取	140	1.17	425.17	0.71	705.21

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Blockchain-based data notarization model for autonomous driving simulation testing

基于区块链的自动驾驶仿真测试数据存证模型

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