Privacy protection method for consortium blockchain based on SM2 linkable ring signature

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024050607

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1564-1572.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024050607

• Cyber security • Previous Articles

Privacy protection method for consortium blockchain based on SM2 linkable ring signature

Gaimei GAO¹, Miaolian DU¹(), Chunxia LIU¹, Yuli YANG², Weichao DANG¹, Guoxia DI¹

^1.College of Computer Science and Technology，Taiyuan University of Science and Technology，Taiyuan Shanxi 030024，China
^2.College of Computer Science and Technology （College of Data Science），Taiyuan University of Technology，Jinzhong Shanxi 030600，China

Received:2024-05-14 Revised:2024-08-07 Accepted:2024-08-30 Online:2024-09-04 Published:2025-05-10
Contact: Miaolian DU
About author:GAO Gaimei， born in 1978， Ph. D.， associate professor. Her research interests include blockchain， network security， cryptography.
DU Miaolian， born in 1999， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain， cryptography.
LIU Chunxia， born in 1977， M. S.， associate professor. Her research interests include software engineering， database.
YANG Yuli， born in 1979， Ph. D.， lecturer. Her research interests include data security.
DANG Weichao， born in 1974， Ph. D.， associate professor. His research interests include intelligent computing， software reliability.
DI Guoxia， born in 1999， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain， cryptography.
Supported by:
Shanxi Province Basic Research Program(202303021221017);Discipline Inspection and Supervision Research Project of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(JWYB202310)

基于SM2可链接环签名的联盟链隐私保护方法

高改梅¹, 杜苗莲¹(), 刘春霞¹, 杨玉丽², 党伟超¹, 邸国霞¹

^1.太原科技大学计算机科学与技术学院，太原 030024
^2.太原理工大学计算机科学与技术学院（大数据学院），山西晋中 030600

通讯作者: 杜苗莲
作者简介:高改梅（1978—），女，山西吕梁人，副教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：区块链、网络安全、密码学
杜苗莲（1999—），女，山西运城人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、密码学
刘春霞（1977—），女，山西大同人，副教授，硕士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：软件工程、数据库
杨玉丽（1979—），女，讲师，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：数据安全
党伟超（1974—），男，山西运城人，副教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：智能计算、软件可靠性
邸国霞（1999—），女，山西吕梁人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、密码学。
基金资助:
山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202303021221017);太原科技大学纪检监察研究项目(JWYB202310)

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of privacy leakage in identity information and transaction data within consortium blockchain， a Privacy Protection Method for Consortium Blockchain based on SM2 Linkable Ring Signature （PPMCB-SM2LRS） was proposed. Firstly， to overcome the issues of insufficient security and poor traceability in existing Linkable Ring Signature （LRS） scheme， it was redesigned in combination with SM2 digital signature， aiming to enhance the privacy protection of counterparty identities while enabling the traceability of malicious users. Secondly， based on the optimized Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm， a hierarchical encryption strategy was proposed to realize the “visible unavailability” of private data， so as to improve the privacy and confidentiality of transaction data verification in consortium chain. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed method is correct， unforgeable， conditionally anonymous and linkable. Experimental results show that compared with similar LRS schemes， PPMCB-SM2LRS has lower computational overhead， and the average time spent in the signature generation and verification stages is significantly reduced； additionally， it adheres to the principle of autonomous controllability in cryptographic technology development.

Key words: privacy protection, consortium blockchain, SM2 digital signature, Linkable Ring Signature (LRS), Paillier homomorphic encryption

摘要：

为应对联盟链中身份信息和交易数据隐私泄露的挑战，提出一种基于SM2可链接环签名的联盟链隐私保护方法（PPMCB-SM2LRS）。首先，针对可链接环签名（LRS）方案存在安全性不足、追溯性差的问题，结合SM2数字签名重新设计LRS，旨在增强交易方身份隐私保护的同时还能够追溯作恶的交易用户；其次，基于优化后的Paillier同态加密算法提出一种分级加密策略，实现隐私数据的“可见不可用”，以提高联盟链中交易数据验证的隐私性和机密性。安全性分析表明，所提方法具备正确性、不可伪造性、条件匿名性和可链接性。实验结果表明，与同类型LRS方案相比，PPMCB-SM2LRS具有更小的计算开销，且在签名生成与确认阶段的平均耗时有显著降低，同时符合密码技术发展的自主可控性原则。

关键词: 隐私保护, 联盟链, SM2数字签名, 可链接环签名, Paillier同态加密

CLC Number:

TP309.7

Gaimei GAO, Miaolian DU, Chunxia LIU, Yuli YANG, Weichao DANG, Guoxia DI. Privacy protection method for consortium blockchain based on SM2 linkable ring signature[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(5): 1564-1572.

高改梅, 杜苗莲, 刘春霞, 杨玉丽, 党伟超, 邸国霞. 基于SM2可链接环签名的联盟链隐私保护方法[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2025, 45(5): 1564-1572.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Privacy protection model

Tab. 1 Symbols and their meanings

符号	含义
$G$	加法循环群
$w$	安全参数
$E (F u)$	有限域 $F u$ 上的椭圆曲线
$H 1, H u$	安全哈希函数
$O r d e r N u m$	订单编号
$m$	交易金额明文
$M$	消息
$L$	环公钥集合
$P E n c ()$	使用Paillier同态加密
$S i g n ()$	使用SM2数字签名算法进行签名
$E P (m)$	交易双方交易金额相等的零知识证明证据
$R P (m)$	交易金额大于零的零知识证明证据
$R P (b)$	TO交易余额大于零的零知识证明证据
$Q 1, Q 2$	链接标签
$σ 1, σ 2$	SM2LRS签名

Tab. 1 Symbols and their meanings

符号	含义
$G$	加法循环群
$w$	安全参数
$E (F u)$	有限域 $F u$ 上的椭圆曲线
$H 1, H u$	安全哈希函数
$O r d e r N u m$	订单编号
$m$	交易金额明文
$M$	消息
$L$	环公钥集合
$P E n c ()$	使用Paillier同态加密
$S i g n ()$	使用SM2数字签名算法进行签名
$E P (m)$	交易双方交易金额相等的零知识证明证据
$R P (m)$	交易金额大于零的零知识证明证据
$R P (b)$	TO交易余额大于零的零知识证明证据
$Q 1, Q 2$	链接标签
$σ 1, σ 2$	SM2LRS签名

Fig. 2 Fine-grained classification of transaction data

Tab. 2 Comparison of computational overhead of four schemes

方案	Sign	Verify	Confirm
CARS^［11］	$5 T e + (n + 2) T m$	$4 T e + (n + 1) T m$	$3 T m + 7 T e$
AAST-CARS^［12］	$3 T p + 4 T e + 3 n T m$	$2 T p + 3 T e + n T m$	$6 T p + T e + 3 T m$
CALRS^［13］	$6 (n - 1) T G m u l + n T h$	$6 n T G m u l + n T h$	$n T G m u l$
PPMCB-SM2LRS	$4 n - 1 T G m u l + n T h$	$4 n T G m u l + n T h$	$n T G m u l$

Tab. 2 Comparison of computational overhead of four schemes

方案	Sign	Verify	Confirm
CARS^［11］	$5 T e + (n + 2) T m$	$4 T e + (n + 1) T m$	$3 T m + 7 T e$
AAST-CARS^［12］	$3 T p + 4 T e + 3 n T m$	$2 T p + 3 T e + n T m$	$6 T p + T e + 3 T m$
CALRS^［13］	$6 (n - 1) T G m u l + n T h$	$6 n T G m u l + n T h$	$n T G m u l$
PPMCB-SM2LRS	$4 n - 1 T G m u l + n T h$	$4 n T G m u l + n T h$	$n T G m u l$

Tab. 3 Experimental environment

配置	参数
处理器	Intel Core i7-7700HQ@2.80 GHz
内存	8 GB
操作系统	Ubuntu 16.04
IDE	Visual Studio Code 1.87.2
编程语言	Golang 1.13.6
Docker	Version 20.10.11
FISCO BCOS	Version 2.9.0

Fig. 3 Time expenditure at different stages

Fig. 4 Comparison of signature generation time

Fig. 5 Comparison of verifying signature time

Fig. 6 Comparison of confirming signature time

Tab. 4 Comparison of functional characteristics of different schemes

方案	交易金额隐私保护	身份隐私保护	可追溯性	数据模型	应用范围
文献［8］方案	是	否	是	账户模型	联盟链
文献［20］方案	否	是	是	UTXO	联盟链
文献［21］方案	是	否	是	账户模型	联盟链
文献［22］方案	是	是	否	UTXO	联盟链
文献［23］方案	否	是	是	UTXO	公有链
本文方案	是	是	是	账户模型	联盟链

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Privacy protection method for consortium blockchain based on SM2 linkable ring signature

基于SM2可链接环签名的联盟链隐私保护方法

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