The JPEG （Joint Photographic Experts Group） compression is one of the most widely used image compression standards and is involved in various forensic scenarios and security models such as image operation chain forensics， image source forensics， steganography， steganalysis， and JPEG anti-forensics. Researchers have conducted extensive studies on JPEG recompression forensics based on the characteristics of JPEG images， discovering that it not only provides prior knowledge for image forensics but also can be directly applied in forensic scenarios. Therefore， JPEG recompression forensics for color images was reviewed. Firstly， the research background of recompression forensics was introduced， and recompression forensics were classified into three types： non-aligned， aligned asynchronous， and aligned synchronous. Secondly， the basic knowledge required for recompression forensics was detailed， including the JPEG compression process， convergence error， error images， and algorithm evaluation metrics. Furthermore， existing methods for each type of problem were thoroughly reviewed and systematized. Additionally， since fields such as image steganography and adversarial examples involved robustness studies related to JPEG recompression， the applications of JPEG recompression features in these domains were highlighted， and common algorithms were compared to summarize their advantages and disadvantages. Finally， open challenges and future research directions in JPEG recompression forensics were discussed.
