Abstract: The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression is one of the most widely used image compression standards today, and it is involved in various forensic scenarios and security models such as image operation chain forensics, image source forensics, steganography and steganalysis, and JPEG anti-forensics. Consequently, researchers have conducted extensive studies on JPEG recompression forensics, discovering that it not only provides prior knowledge for image forensics but can also be directly applied in forensic scenarios. Subsequently, existing methods for each type of recompression problem were reviewed and analyzed comprehensively. Furthermore, since robustness studies on JPEG recompression have been involved in fields such as image steganography and adversarial examples, the applications of JPEG recompression feature characteristics in these domains were listed. Commonly used algorithms were then selected for comparison, and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. Finally, unresolved issues and future development trends in JPEG recompression forensics were identified.

Key words: Digital Forensics, JPEG Recompression Forensics, JPEG Compression Process, Error Image, Convergence Error

摘要： Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG)压缩是当前应用最为广泛的图像压缩标准之一，它涉及到诸如图像操作链取证、图像源取证、隐写与隐写分析和JPEG反取证等多种取证场景和安全模型。因此，研究者针对JPEG图像特性开展了诸多有关JPEG重压缩取证的研究，他们发现JPEG重压缩取证不仅为图像取证提供先验知识，也可以直接应用到取证场景中。为此，首先介绍了重压缩取证的研究背景，并将重压缩取证分成了非对齐，对齐异步和对齐同步三种重压缩问题。其次，详细介绍了JPEG压缩的流程、收敛误差、误差图像、算法评价指标等用于重压缩取证的基础知识。随后，对每类问题的现有方法进行了详细的介绍和梳理。此外，由于图像隐写，对抗样本等都涉及到了关于JPEG重压缩的鲁棒性研究。因此，列举了JPEG重压缩特征特性在上述领域中的应用。接着，选取了常见的算法进行对比，并总结归纳其优缺点。最后，指出了JEPG重压缩取证中有待进一步解决的问题和发展趋势。

关键词: 数字取证, JPEG 重压缩取证, JPEG压缩流程, 误差图像, 收敛误差