Abstract: In order to alleviate the problem of energy hole in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a Multi-level Energy Heterogeneous algorithm (MEH) was proposed. The energy consumption's characteristics of WSN were analyzed. Then the nodes with different initial energies were deployed according to the energy consumption's characteristics. To balance the energy consumption rate of each region, alleviate the energy hole problem and prolong the network lifecycle, nodes in the heavy communication load region would be configured with higher initial energy. The simulation results show that, compared with Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Distributed Energy-Balanced Unequal Clustering routing protocol (DEBUC), and Nonuniform Distributed Strategy (NDS), the utilization rate of network energy, network lifecycle and period ratio of network energy of MEH were increased nearly 10 percentage points respectively. The proposed MEH has a good balance of energy consumption as well. The experimental results show that, the proposed MEH can effectively prolong the network lifecycle and ease the energy hole problem.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), energy hole, non-uniform deployment, energy heterogeneity, data fusion

摘要： 为了缓解无线传感器网络中出现的能量空洞问题,提出了多级能量异构算法(MEH)。该算法对网络的通信负载分布特性进行解析,并根据通信负载分布特性给网络部署初始能量异构的节点,即在通信负载较重的区域配置初始能量较高的节点,以平衡各区域的能量消耗速率,缓解能量空洞问题,延长网络生命周期。仿真结果显示,与已有的低功耗自适应分簇算法(LEACH)、分布式能量均衡的非均匀成簇路由算法(DEBUC)、非均匀部署算法(NDS)相比,MEH算法在网络能量利用率、网络生命周期及网络能耗周期比方面分别提升了近10个百分点,且具有良好的能耗均衡性。实验结果表明,MEH可有效延长网络生命周期、缓解能量空洞问题。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 能量空洞, 非均匀部署, 能量异构, 数据融合