Parallel chain consensus algorithm optimization scheme based on Boneh-Lynn-Shacham aggregate signature technology

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021101711

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 3785-3791.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021101711

Special Issue: 网络空间安全

• Cyber security • Previous Articles Next Articles

Parallel chain consensus algorithm optimization scheme based on Boneh-Lynn-Shacham aggregate signature technology

Qi LIU¹, Rongxin GUO¹(), Wenxian JIANG², Dengji MA³

^1.College of Information Science and Engineering，Huaqiao University，Xiamen Fujian 361021，China
^2.College of Computer Science and Technology，Huaqiao University，Xiamen Fujian 361021，China
^3.Hangzhou Fuzamei Technology Company Limited，Hangzhou Zhejiang 310061，China

Received:2021-10-08 Revised:2022-01-12 Accepted:2022-01-24 Online:2022-12-21 Published:2022-12-10
Contact: Rongxin GUO
About author:LIU Qi， born in 1995， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain.
JIANG Wenxian，born in 1974， Ph. D. candidate， associate professor. His research interests include blockchain， information network security.
MA Dengji， born in 1981， M. S. His research interests include blockchain.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61901182);2020 Province Ministry Co-construction Fund(605-52520005)

基于BLS聚合签名技术的平行链共识算法优化方案

刘琪¹, 郭荣新¹(), 蒋文贤², 马登极³

^1.华侨大学信息科学与工程学院, 福建厦门 361021
^2.华侨大学计算机科学与技术学院, 福建厦门 361021
^3.杭州复杂美科技有限公司, 杭州 310061

通讯作者: 郭荣新
作者简介:刘琪（1995—），女，湖北宜昌人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链
蒋文贤（1974—），男，福建漳州人，副教授，博士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、信息网络安全
马登极（1981—），男，浙江杭州人，硕士，主要研究方向：区块链。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61901182);2020部省共建经费资助项目(605?52520005)

Abstract

Abstract:

At present， each consensus node of the parallel chain needs to send its own consensus transaction to the main chain to participate in the consensus. As a result， a large number of consensus transactions occupy the block capacity of the main chain seriously and waste transaction fees. In order to solve the above problems， an optimization scheme of parallel chain consensus algorithm based on BLS （Boneh-Lynn-Shacham） aggregate signature technology was proposed by combining bilinear map technology with the characteristics of the same consensus data and different signatures of consensus trades on parallel chain. Firstly， the transaction data was signed by the consensus node. Then， the consensus transaction was broadcasted by each node of the parallel chain and the message was synchronized internally through P2P （Peer-to-Peer） network. Finally， the consensus transactions were counted by Leader node. When the number of consensus transactions was greater than 2/3， the corresponding BLS signature data was aggregated and the transaction aggregate signature was sent to the main chain for verification. Experimental results show that compared with the original parallel chain consensus algorithm， the proposed scheme can effectively solve the problem of consensus nodes on the parallel chain repeatedly sending consensus transactions to the main chain， save transaction fees with reducing the occupancy of the storage space of the main chain， only occupy 4 KB of the storage space of the main chain and only generate a transaction fee of 0.01 BiT Yuan （BTY）.

Key words: parallel chain, consensus algorithm, BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) aggregate signature, Leader node, bilinear map

摘要：

目前，平行链的每个共识节点均需发送各自的共识交易到主链上以参与共识，这导致大量的共识交易严重占用主链的区块容量，并且浪费手续费。针对上述问题，利用平行链上的共识交易具有共识数据相同签名不同的特点，结合双线性映射技术，提出一种基于BLS聚合签名技术的平行链共识算法优化方案。首先，用共识节点对交易数据进行签名；然后，用平行链各节点通过点对点（P2P）网络在内部广播共识交易并同步消息；最后，由Leader节点统计共识交易，且当共识交易的数量大于2/3时，将对应的BLS签名数据聚合并发送交易聚合签名到主链上进行验证。实验结果表明，所提方案与原始平行链共识算法相比能够有效解决平行链上共识节点重复发送共识交易到主链的问题，在减少对主链存储空间的占用的同时节省交易手续费，只占用主链存储空间4 KB并且只产生一笔0.01比特元（BTY）的交易手续费。

关键词: 平行链, 共识算法, BLS聚合签名, Leader节点, 双线性映射

CLC Number:

TP301.6

Qi LIU, Rongxin GUO, Wenxian JIANG, Dengji MA. Parallel chain consensus algorithm optimization scheme based on Boneh-Lynn-Shacham aggregate signature technology[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(12): 3785-3791.

刘琪, 郭荣新, 蒋文贤, 马登极. 基于BLS聚合签名技术的平行链共识算法优化方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2022, 42(12): 3785-3791.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab.1 Comparative analysis of Polkadot and Chain33 parallel chain

功能类型	Polkadot	Chain33平行链
出块机制	1）单独出块，2）从验证节点恢复	1）单独出块，2）从主链恢复
共识机制	1）双共识，优先出块共识，2）中继链共识最终化	1）先在主链达成共识，2）平行链出块并发送到主链共识， 3）同步回平行链二次共识验证
治理	收集人，验证人，钓鱼人，提名人	超级节点，监督节点，普通节点
跨链机制	1）XCMP内部消息跨链，2）转接桥跨链	1）一笔跨链交易完成内部跨链，2）合约桥外部跨链
平行链接入	有限卡槽拍卖	注册制，数量不限

Tab.2 Comparative analysis of commonly used consensus algorithms in blockchain

共识机制	去中心化程度	容错率/%	资源消耗	吞吐量
PoW	去中心化	50	高	低
PoS	去中心化	50	较低	较高
DPoS	部分去中心化	50	低	高
PBFT	部分去中心化	33	低	高
RAFT	部分去中心化	非拜占庭容错	低	高

Fig. 1 Main chain + parallel chain architecture

Tab. 3 Symbols and their meanings

符号	含义	符号	含义
$x i$	平行链上超级节点	$N u m$	达成共识的节点数
$X i$	主链上节点	$T x$	共识交易
$B i$	待共识的区块	$s_h a s h$	状态哈希
$S i$	签名信息	$p_c h a i n$	平行链
$H i$	待共识的区块高度	$C i$	主链
$M S i$	各交易的状态信息	$u$	共识标识
$R M i$	区块信息	$R$	共识结果

Tab. 3 Symbols and their meanings

符号	含义	符号	含义
$x i$	平行链上超级节点	$N u m$	达成共识的节点数
$X i$	主链上节点	$T x$	共识交易
$B i$	待共识的区块	$s_h a s h$	状态哈希
$S i$	签名信息	$p_c h a i n$	平行链
$H i$	待共识的区块高度	$C i$	主链
$M S i$	各交易的状态信息	$u$	共识标识
$R M i$	区块信息	$R$	共识结果

Fig. 2 Flow chart of parallel chain consensus algorithm after optimization

Tab.4 Experimental environment configuration

配置信息	版本号
操作系统	Ubuntu18.04
Chain33	1.65.2
CPU	Intel i5 2.5 GHz 四核
内存	16 GB
Go	Go 1.15.2 Linux/amd64

Fig. 3 Leader node selection algorithm

Fig. 4 Different indicators comparison before and after optimization

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Parallel chain consensus algorithm optimization scheme based on Boneh-Lynn-Shacham aggregate signature technology

基于BLS聚合签名技术的平行链共识算法优化方案

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