Federated‑autonomy‑based cross‑chain scheme for blockchain

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021111922

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 3444-3457.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021111922

Special Issue: 2021 CCF中国区块链技术大会（CCF CBCC 2021）

• 2021 CCF China Blockchain Conference （CCF CBCC 2021） • Previous Articles Next Articles

Federated‑autonomy‑based cross‑chain scheme for blockchain

Jianhui ZHENG¹, Feilong LIN¹(), Zhongyu CHEN¹, Zhaolong HU¹, Changbing TANG²

^1.College of Mathematics and Computer Science，Zhejiang Normal University，Jinhua Zhejiang 321004，China
^2.College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering，Zhejiang Normal University，Jinhua Zhejiang 321004，China

Received:2021-11-13 Revised:2021-12-27 Accepted:2021-12-28 Online:2022-01-19 Published:2022-11-10
Contact: Feilong LIN
About author:ZHENG Jianhui， born in 1995， M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain.
LIN Feilong， born in 1982， Ph. D.， associate professor. His research interests include blockchain， industrial Internet of Things.
CHEN Zhongyu， born in 1964， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include blockchain， software engineering.
HU Zhaolong， born in 1988， Ph. D.， associate professor. His research interests include blockchain， complex networks.
TANG Changbing， born in 1981， Ph. D.， associate professor. His research interests include blockchain， network design and optimization.
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY22F030006)

基于联盟自治的区块链跨链机制

郑建辉¹, 林飞龙¹(), 陈中育¹, 胡兆龙¹, 唐长兵²

^1.浙江师范大学数学与计算机科学学院，浙江金华 321004
^2.浙江师范大学物理与电子信息工程学院，浙江金华 321004

通讯作者: 林飞龙
作者简介:郑建辉（1995—），男，浙江湖州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链
林飞龙（1982—），男，浙江永康人，副教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：区块链、工业物联网 bruce_lin@zjnu.edu.cn
陈中育（1964—），男，浙江浦江人，教授，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、软件工程
胡兆龙（1988—），男，江西南昌人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、复杂网络
唐长兵（1981—），男，浙江兰溪人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、网络设计与优化。
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY22F030006)

Abstract

Abstract:

To deal with the phenomenon of "information and value islands" caused by the lack of interoperation among the increasingly emerging blockchain systems， a federated?autonomy?based cross?chain scheme was proposed. The elemental idea of this scheme is to form a relay alliance chain maintained by participated blockchain systems using blockchain philosophy， which is supposed to solve the data sharing， value circulation and business collaboration problems among different blockchain systems. Firstly， a relay mode based cross?chain structure was proposed to provide interoperation services for heterogeneous blockchain systems. Secondly， the detailed design of the relay alliance chain was presented as well as the rules for the participated blockchain systems and their users. Then， the basic types of cross?chain interactions were summarized， and a process for implementing cross?chain interoperability based on smart contracts were designed. Finally， through multiple experiments， the feasibility of the cross?chain scheme was validated， the performance of the cross?chain system was evaluated， and the security of the whole cross?chain network was analyzed. Simulation results and security analysis prove that the proposed channel allocation strategy and block?out right allocation scheme of the proposed scheme are practically feasible， the throughput of the proposed shceme can reach up to 758 TPS （Transactions Per Second） when asset transactions are involved， and up to 960 TPS when asset transactions are not involved； the proposed scheme has high?level security and coarse? and fine?grained privacy protection mechanism. The proposed federated?autonomy?based cross?chain scheme for blockchain can provide secure and efficient cross?chain services， which is suitable for most of the current cross?chain scenarios.

Key words: blockchain, cross?chain interoperability, information and value island, federated autonomy, relay alliance chain

摘要：

针对目前区块链系统跨链互操作难问题而导致的“信息与价值孤岛”现象，提出一种基于联盟自治的区块链跨链机制。该机制的核心思想是以链治链，通过构建一条由多方共治的中继联盟链来管理跨链网络，用于解决不同区块链系统之间的数据共享、价值流通与业务协同问题。首先，提出了一个基于中继模式的跨链系统为同异构区块链系统提供交互服务；其次，详细设计了中继联盟链，设定了应用链及其用户参与跨链系统的规则；然后，总结了跨链交互的基本类型并制定了基于智能合约的跨链交互实现流程；最后，通过多组实验验证了跨链方案的可行性，评估了跨链系统的性能指标，并且分析了整个跨链网络的安全性。仿真结果与安全性分析证明，所提机制中的通道分配策略与出块权分配方案具有实际可行性，当涉及资产交易时，该机制的吞吐量最高可达到758 TPS，而不涉及资产交易时的吞吐量最高可达到960 TPS，且拥有高级别的安全性与粗细粒度兼具的隐私保护机制。基于联盟自治的区块链跨链机制可提供安全高效的跨链服务，适用于目前大多数跨链场景。

关键词: 区块链, 跨链互操作, 信息与价值孤岛, 联盟自治, 中继联盟链

CLC Number:

TP393

Jianhui ZHENG, Feilong LIN, Zhongyu CHEN, Zhaolong HU, Changbing TANG. Federated‑autonomy‑based cross‑chain scheme for blockchain[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(11): 3444-3457.

郑建辉, 林飞龙, 陈中育, 胡兆龙, 唐长兵. 基于联盟自治的区块链跨链机制[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2022, 42(11): 3444-3457.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 System architecture

Fig. 2 Application chains linking into relay alliance blockchain

Tab. 1 Symbol definition of channel allocation strategy

符号定义	描述
$P = P 1, P 2, ⋯, P n$	某通道内已存在成员
$P' = P' 1, P' 2, ⋯, P' m$	欲建立新跨链关系的成员
$P ″ = P ″ 1, P ″ 2 ⋯, P ″ l$	P′所需要的合作伙伴
$ρ$	Relatedness的权重，权重越大表示对隐私安全需求越高
$σ$	ChannelNumber的权重，权重越大表示对性能需求越高
$θ$	某通道实际复杂度
K	系统中已有通道数量
N	与单通道处理能力基本持平的通道数量

Tab. 1 Symbol definition of channel allocation strategy

符号定义	描述
$P = P 1, P 2, ⋯, P n$	某通道内已存在成员
$P' = P' 1, P' 2, ⋯, P' m$	欲建立新跨链关系的成员
$P ″ = P ″ 1, P ″ 2 ⋯, P ″ l$	P′所需要的合作伙伴
$ρ$	Relatedness的权重，权重越大表示对隐私安全需求越高
$σ$	ChannelNumber的权重，权重越大表示对性能需求越高
$θ$	某通道实际复杂度
K	系统中已有通道数量
N	与单通道处理能力基本持平的通道数量

Fig. 3 Flow of cross?chain interoperation

Tab. 2 Cross?chain transaction status

跨链事务ID

（fk38dk48f）

当前状态

完成状态

子事务1

（fk38dk48f_1）

正在等待正在执行执行完毕

成功失败超时

子事务2

（fk38dk48f_2）

正在等待正在执行执行完毕

成功失败超时

子事务3

（fk38dk48f_3）

正在等待正在执行执行完毕

成功失败超时

Tab. 3 Server configuration and fabric network configuration

指标	配置
操作系统	Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
处理器	Intel Xeon Gold 6130 CPU＠2.10 GHz × 32
内存	32 GB
硬盘	120 GB
网络带宽	10 000 Mb/s
fabric版本	V2.2.0
共识算法	Raft
出块机制	BatchTimeout：2 s
	MaxMessageCount：200
	PreferredMaxBytes：2 MB
	AbsoluteMaxBytes：99 MB

Fig. 4 Performance comparison of using and without using private data

Fig. 5 Influence of number of channels on performance with given number of transactions

Fig. 6 Asset swap contract performance evaluation

Fig. 7 Threshold signature algorithm performance evaluation

Fig. 8 CPU utilization for threshold signature algorithm contract container

Tab. 4 Experimental results of block generation right allocation scheme

组织名	拥有节点数	竞选成功次数
A	5	3
B	15	12
C	30	35
A	10	8
B	20	23
C	20	19
A	15	16
B	25	28
C	10	6

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Federated‑autonomy‑based cross‑chain scheme for blockchain

基于联盟自治的区块链跨链机制

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