Development， technologies and applications of blockchain 3.0

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2023121826

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 3647-3657.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2023121826

• 2023 CCF China Blockchain Conference （CCF CBCC 2023） • Next Articles

Development， technologies and applications of blockchain 3.0

Peng FANG¹^,²^,³, Fan ZHAO¹^,³, Baoquan WANG¹^,³, Yi WANG¹^,³, Tonghai JIANG¹^,³()

^1.Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Urumqi Xinjiang 830011，China
^2.School of Computer Science and Technology，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
^3.Xinjiang Laboratory of Minority Speech and Language Information Processing;（Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences），Urumqi Xinjiang 830011，China

Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-02-07 Accepted:2024-02-28 Online:2024-03-13 Published:2024-12-10
Contact: Tonghai JIANG
About author:FANG Peng， born in 2001， M. S. candidate. His research interests include big data analysis and visualization， blockchain.
ZHAO Fan， born in 1980， Ph. D.， research fellow. His research interests include big data analysis and visualization， blockchain.
WANG Baoquan， born in 1990， Ph. D. His research interests include blockchain， time series data analysis.
WANG Yi， born in 1986， Ph. D.， associate research fellow. His research interests include data fusion and governance， blockchain.
Supported by:
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D04044);Silk Road Economic Belt Innovation-driven Development Pilot Zone, Wuchangshi National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Science and Technology Development Program(2022LQ03003);Project of Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021434)

区块链3.0的发展、技术与应用

方鹏¹^,²^,³, 赵凡¹^,³, 王保全¹^,³, 王轶¹^,³, 蒋同海¹^,³()

^1.中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所，乌鲁木齐 830011
^2.中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院，北京 100049
^3.新疆民族语音语言信息处理实验室（中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所），乌鲁木齐 830011

通讯作者: 蒋同海
作者简介:方鹏（2001—），男，安徽太湖人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：大数据分析与可视化、区块链
赵凡（1980—），男，山西介休人，研究员，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：大数据分析与可视化、区块链
王保全（1990—），男，新疆昌吉人，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、时序数据分析
王轶（1986—），男，山东滨州人，副研究员，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：数据融合治理、区块链；
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2023D04044);丝绸之路经济带创新驱动发展试验区、乌昌石国家自出创新示范区科技发展计划项目(2022LQ03003);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2021434)

Abstract

Abstract:

Blockchain 3.0 is the third stage of the development of blockchain technology and the core of building a value Internet. Its innovations in sharding， cross-chain and privacy protection have given it a wide range of application scenarios and research value. It is highly valued by relevant people in academia and industry. For the development， technologies and applications of blockchain 3.0， the relevant literature on blockchain 3.0 at home and abroad in the past five years were surveyed and reviewed. Firstly， the basic theory and technical characteristics of blockchain were introduced， laying the foundation for an in-depth understanding of the research progress of blockchain. Subsequently， based on the evolution trend of blockchain technology over time， the development process and various key development time nodes of blockchain 3.0， as well as the reasons of the division of different stages of development of blockchain using sharding and side-chain technologies as benchmarks， were given. Then， the current research status of key technologies of blockchain 3.0 was analyzed in detail， and typical applications of blockchain 3.0 in six major fields such as internet of things， medical care， and agriculture were summarized. Finally， the key challenges and future development opportunities faced by blockchain 3.0 in its development process were summed up.

Key words: blockchain 3.0, sharding, side chain, cross-chain, privacy protection, smart contract

摘要：

区块链3.0是区块链技术发展的第3阶段，也是构建价值互联网的内核，它在分片、跨链以及隐私保护等方面的创新使它具有广泛的应用场景和研究价值，受到学术界和产业界相关人士的高度重视。针对区块链3.0的发展、技术与应用，调研并综述近5年国内外关于区块链3.0的相关文献。首先，介绍区块链的基本理论和技术特点，为深入了解区块链的研究进展奠定基础；其次，根据区块链技术随时间变化的演进趋势，阐述区块链3.0的发展历程和各个关键的发展时间节点，并给出以分片和侧链技术为基准点划分区块链不同的发展阶段的理由；再次，详细分析区块链3.0关键技术的研究现状，概述归纳它在物联网、医疗和农业等6大领域内的典型应用；最后，总结区块链3.0在发展过程中面临的关键性挑战和未来发展机遇。

关键词: 区块链3.0, 分片, 侧链, 跨链, 隐私保护, 智能合约

CLC Number:

TP391.4

Peng FANG, Fan ZHAO, Baoquan WANG, Yi WANG, Tonghai JIANG. Development， technologies and applications of blockchain 3.0[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2024, 44(12): 3647-3657.

方鹏, 赵凡, 王保全, 王轶, 蒋同海. 区块链3.0的发展、技术与应用[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2024, 44(12): 3647-3657.

Figures/Tables 11

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区块链分类	准入机制	所属者	匿名性	去中心化特性	交易处理速度	应用框架（底层架构）
公有链	所有参与者	无中心化的所有权	公开透明	完全去中心化	低	如Bitcoin
联盟链	组织成员	多个组织所有权	限制访问	有限的去中心化	中等	如Hyperledger Fabric
私有链	组织内部	单一组织所有权	高度私密	集中式管理	高	如Hyperledger Besu

区块链分类	准入机制	所属者	匿名性	去中心化特性	交易处理速度	应用框架（底层架构）
公有链	所有参与者	无中心化的所有权	公开透明	完全去中心化	低	如Bitcoin
联盟链	组织成员	多个组织所有权	限制访问	有限的去中心化	中等	如Hyperledger Fabric
私有链	组织内部	单一组织所有权	高度私密	集中式管理	高	如Hyperledger Besu

年份	关键事件
2008	比特币发布（区块链1.0诞生）
2013	以太坊发布（区块链2.0诞生）
2014	侧链技术新兴
2016	分片技术提出（区块链3.0萌芽）
2017	跨链互操作兴起
2019	中共中央政治局集体学习区块链技术，国内政策开始逐步完善
2021	元宇宙成为研究热点，区块链3.0发展达到高峰
2022	大量企业级区块链3.0应用落地

年份	关键事件
2008	比特币发布（区块链1.0诞生）
2013	以太坊发布（区块链2.0诞生）
2014	侧链技术新兴
2016	分片技术提出（区块链3.0萌芽）
2017	跨链互操作兴起
2019	中共中央政治局集体学习区块链技术，国内政策开始逐步完善
2021	元宇宙成为研究热点，区块链3.0发展达到高峰
2022	大量企业级区块链3.0应用落地

区块链分类	性能与可扩展性	可编程性	应用重点	代表性项目
区块链1.0	低	无	加密货币等	比特币
区块链2.0	中等	支持基础逻辑判断	加密货币、数字金融及去中心化应用等	以太坊
区块链3.0	高	支持高级逻辑判断及可扩展接口	去中心化应用、企业级应用等	元宇宙

Development， technologies and applications of blockchain 3.0

区块链3.0的发展、技术与应用

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