Abstract:

Carbon trading is an important way to reduce greenhouse gas emission and develop a low-carbon economy. In the process of traditional carbon trading， there are mainly problems such as wide distribution of subjects， poor data interoperability and low efficiency. Taking the consortium blockchain with access mechanism as the infrastructure of carbon trading， the security and traceability of transaction data can be ensured. Therefore， a double auction transaction algorithm based on consortium blockchain was proposed， which was divided into two phases considering user satisfaction. In the first phase， the price ranges of quotation were proposed by all nodes， and the transactions were concluded immediately by the nodes meeting the conditions in this phase. Then， the remaining transaction nodes entered the second phase， where the transaction volume matching degree was calculated， and the overall user satisfaction was taken as the optimization goal， so that， the result with the maximum overall satisfaction was output. The proposed algorithm was compared with the Hungarian algorithm and the Gale-Shapley （GS） algorithm. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm improved user satisfaction， and the average matching time was reduced by 26.2% and 36.0%， respectively. With the HLF （HyperLedger Fabric） used to deploy a double auction algorithm smart contract to calculate and process user transaction requests automatically， and the transaction results recorded on the channel ledger of the consortium blockchain through consensus， the proposed algorithm can achieve stable transaction throughput under different block sizes and transaction requests.

Key words: double auction, consortium blockchain, transaction algorithm, user satisfaction, smart contract

摘要：

碳交易是降低温室气体排放、发展低碳经济的重要方式。在传统碳交易过程中主要存在主体分布广、数据互通性差和效率低等问题，而通过带有准入机制的联盟链作为碳交易的基础设施，可确保交易数据的安全性与可溯源性。因此，提出一种基于联盟链的双向拍卖交易算法。所提算法考虑用户满意度，分2个阶段执行。在第1阶段，所有节点提出报价范围，符合条件的节点将在该阶段立刻达成交易；剩余交易节点进入第2阶段，计算交易量匹配度，以用户整体满意度为优化目标进行匹配，从而输出最大整体满意度的结果。所提算法与匈牙利算法、GS（Gale-Shapley）算法的对比实验结果表明，所提算法提高了用户满意度，且让平均匹配时间分别降低了26.2%和36.0%。所提算法利用HLF（HyperLedger Fabric）部署双向拍卖算法智能合约，自动计算和处理用户交易请求，并把交易的结果经过共识记录在联盟链的通道账本，在不同的区块大小和交易请求数下实现了稳定的交易吞吐量。

关键词: 双向拍卖, 联盟链, 交易算法, 用户满意度, 智能合约