Anonymous and traceable authentication key agreement protocol in intelligent vehicle networking systems

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024081137

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2622-2629.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024081137

• Cyber security • Previous Articles

Anonymous and traceable authentication key agreement protocol in intelligent vehicle networking systems

Xiaojun ZHANG¹^,²^,³(), Zhouyang WANG¹, Lei LI²^,³, Haoyu TANG¹, Jingting XUE¹, Xinpeng ZHANG⁴

^1.School of Computer Science and Software Engineering，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu Sichuan 610500，China
^2.BGP Inc. ，China National Petroleum Corporation，Zhuozhou Hebei 072751，China
^3.National Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Exploration Computer Software，Zhuozhou Hebei 072751，China
^4.Unit 32620，PLA，Xining Qinghai 810007，China

Received:2024-08-12 Revised:2024-11-16 Accepted:2024-11-19 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2025-08-10
Contact: Xiaojun ZHANG
About author:WANG Zhouyang， born in 2001， M. S. candidate. His research interests include internet of vehicles authentication， data security
LI Lei， born in 1979， Ph. D.， senior engineer. His research interests include computer graphics， artificial intelligence， geophysics.
TANG Haoyu， born in 1999， M. S. candidate. His research interests include internet of vehicles authentication， data security.
XUE Jingting， born in 1990， Ph. D.， lecturer. Her research interests include cryptography， blockchain.
ZHANG Xinpeng，born in 1978，Ph.D.， senior engineer. His research interests include cryptography， data security.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61902327);Open Project of National Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Exploration Computer Software(DFWT-ZYRJ-2024-JS-81);Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025ZNSFSC0495)

智能车载网联系统中匿名可追踪的认证密钥协商协议

张晓均¹^,²^,³(), 王周阳¹, 李磊²^,³, 唐浩宇¹, 薛婧婷¹, 张新鹏⁴

^1.西南石油大学计算机与软件学院，成都 610500
^2.中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司，河北涿州 072751
^3.油气勘探计算机软件国家工程研究中心，河北涿州 072751
^4.中国人民解放军 32620部队，西宁 810007

通讯作者: 张晓均
作者简介:王周阳（2001—），男，四川成都人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：车联网认证、数据安全
李磊（1979—），男，河北唐山人，高级工程师，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：计算机图形学、人工智能、地球物理
唐浩宇（1999—），男，四川眉山人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：车联网认证、数据安全
薛婧婷（1990—），女，四川遂宁人，讲师，博士，主要研究方向：密码学、区块链
张新鹏（1978-），男，四川成都人，高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向：密码学、数据安全。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61902327);油气勘探开发软件国家工程研究中心开放课题(DFWT-ZYRJ-2024-JS-81);四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2025ZNSFSC0495)

Abstract

Abstract:

Intelligent vehicle networking systems are core components of intelligent modern urban transportation systems， and are crucial for traffic information sharing and security management. Privacy protection authentication is the main approach to maintain the security of intelligent vehicle networking systems， among which， protecting identity privacy and tracking malicious nodes are particularly important. Most existing protocols protect users’ privacy through anonymous identity， but they do not trace anonymous identity. There is a situation where malicious users evade traffic accident accountability by forging or tampering with anonymous identity information. To address these security threats， an efficient anonymous and traceable authentication key agreement protocol based on elliptic curve in intelligent vehicle networking systems was proposed. In particular， when the roadside base station unit received an authentication request， it would perform security verification on the intelligent vehicle’s signature and anonymous identity， and finally achieve bidirectional authentication of key agreement. The vehicle would maintain anonymous authentication authority until be revoked by intelligent vehicle networking systems. The protocol was designed on the basis of an elliptic curve identity cryptosystem， thereby avoiding expensive calculation of bilinear pairwise mapping operations. Experimental results show that compared with the Public Key Infrastructure （PKI） authentication protocol， the protocol based on pseudo-identity and Hash Message Authentication Code （HMAC）， the protocol based on Physical Unclonable Function （PUF）， the distributed intelligent vehicle networking system protocol， and the protocol based on bilinear pairwise mapping， the proposed protocol has the lowest communication cost， while its computational cost is roughly equivalent to that of the distributed intelligent vehicle networking system protocol， which has the lowest computational cost among the compared protocols. Security analysis and performance evaluation show that the proposed protocol protects users’ privacy in intelligent vehicle networking systems， has efficient computation performance in anonymous authentication process， and thus can be deployed in intelligent transportation systems effectively.

Key words: intelligent vehicle networking system, anonymous authentication, key agreement, identity tracking, elliptic curve

摘要：

智能车载网联系统是现代城市智能交通系统的核心组成部分，对于交通信息共享与安全管理至关重要。隐私保护认证是维护智能车载网联系统安全的主要手段，其中保护身份隐私以及追踪恶意节点尤为重要。现有的协议大多以匿名身份保护用户隐私，然而这些方案并未追踪匿名身份，存在恶意用户通过伪造或篡改匿名身份信息逃避交通事故追责的情况。为了解决这些安全威胁，面向智能车载网联系统，设计一种智能车载网联系统中基于椭圆曲线的高效匿名可追踪的认证密钥协商协议。具体地，当路侧的基站单元收到认证请求后，会对智能车辆签名及匿名身份进行安全验证，最终实现密钥协商的双向认证，智能车辆将保持匿名认证权限直到被智能车载网联系统撤销。该协议基于椭圆曲线的身份密码系统进行设计，从而避免计算开销较高的密码学双线性对映射操作。实验结果表明，相较于基于公钥基础设施（PKI）认证协议、基于伪身份和哈希消息认证码（HMAC）的协议、基于物理不可克隆函数（PUF）的协议、分布式智能车载网联系统协议和基于双线性对映射的协议，所提协议的通信开销最低，而所提协议的计算开销与对比协议中最低的分布式智能车载网联系统协议基本持平。安全性分析与性能评估表明，所提协议在智能车载网联系统能保护用户隐私，在匿名认证过程具备高效的计算性能，因此能够有效部署在智能交通系统中。

关键词: 智能车载网联系统, 匿名认证, 密钥协商, 身份追踪, 椭圆曲线

CLC Number:

TP399

Xiaojun ZHANG, Zhouyang WANG, Lei LI, Haoyu TANG, Jingting XUE, Xinpeng ZHANG. Anonymous and traceable authentication key agreement protocol in intelligent vehicle networking systems[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(8): 2622-2629.

张晓均, 王周阳, 李磊, 唐浩宇, 薛婧婷, 张新鹏. 智能车载网联系统中匿名可追踪的认证密钥协商协议[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2025, 45(8): 2622-2629.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 System model

Tab. 1 Symbol definition and explanation

符号	定义与说明
$G 1$ ， $q$ ， $P$	由 $P$ 生成的 $q$ 阶加法椭圆曲线群 $G 1$
sk_KGC	系统主私钥
P_pub	系统主公钥
sk_TRA	TRA的私钥
sk_RSU	RSU的私钥
sk_i	智能车辆 $V i$ 的私钥
$H i (1 ≤ i ≤ 3)$	抗碰撞的哈希函数
$V i$	智能车辆
$I D i, P I D i$	$V i$ 的真实身份和伪身份
$T i$	消息的时间戳
$+$	椭圆曲线上的加法运算
$⋅$	椭圆曲线上的标量乘法
$⊕$	逐位二进制异或运算

Tab. 1 Symbol definition and explanation

符号	定义与说明
$G 1$ ， $q$ ， $P$	由 $P$ 生成的 $q$ 阶加法椭圆曲线群 $G 1$
sk_KGC	系统主私钥
P_pub	系统主公钥
sk_TRA	TRA的私钥
sk_RSU	RSU的私钥
sk_i	智能车辆 $V i$ 的私钥
$H i (1 ≤ i ≤ 3)$	抗碰撞的哈希函数
$V i$	智能车辆
$I D i, P I D i$	$V i$ 的真实身份和伪身份
$T i$	消息的时间戳
$+$	椭圆曲线上的加法运算
$⋅$	椭圆曲线上的标量乘法
$⊕$	逐位二进制异或运算

Fig. 2 Comparison of computational cost

Tab. 2 Computational cost comparison results

协议	智能车辆	RSU
Shawky协议	$2 M u l t + M a c$	$5 M u l t + M a c + h a s h$
APKI协议	$2 P a i r + 4 M u l t + 2 h a s h$	$2 P a i r + 2 M u l t + 2 h a s h$
Liang协议	$6 M u l t + 6 h a s h + A d d$	$3 M u l t + 3 h a s h + A d d$
AAKA协议	$3 M u l t + M a c + 2 h a s h + A d d + m u l t$	$3 M u l t + 2 A d d + 2 h a s h$
AAKE协议	$3 M u l t + A d d + 2 h a s h + I n v$	$2 M u l t + I n v + 2 A d d + P a i r + 2 h a s h + M a c$
本文协议	$3 M u l t + 2 A d d + h a s h$	$3 M u l t + 3 A d d + 4 h a s h$

Tab. 2 Computational cost comparison results

协议	智能车辆	RSU
Shawky协议	$2 M u l t + M a c$	$5 M u l t + M a c + h a s h$
APKI协议	$2 P a i r + 4 M u l t + 2 h a s h$	$2 P a i r + 2 M u l t + 2 h a s h$
Liang协议	$6 M u l t + 6 h a s h + A d d$	$3 M u l t + 3 h a s h + A d d$
AAKA协议	$3 M u l t + M a c + 2 h a s h + A d d + m u l t$	$3 M u l t + 2 A d d + 2 h a s h$
AAKE协议	$3 M u l t + A d d + 2 h a s h + I n v$	$2 M u l t + I n v + 2 A d d + P a i r + 2 h a s h + M a c$
本文协议	$3 M u l t + 2 A d d + h a s h$	$3 M u l t + 3 A d d + 4 h a s h$

Tab. 3 Communication cost comparison results

协议	单个智能车辆认证	n个智能车辆认证
Shawky协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 2 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 2 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \|$
APKI协议	$4 \| G \| + 2 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$4 n \| G \| + 2 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$
Liang协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 3 \| t s \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 3 n \| t s \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKA协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \| + \| r e q u e s t \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \| + n \| r e q u e s t \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKE协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \|$
本文协议	$2 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 3 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$2 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 3 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$

Tab. 3 Communication cost comparison results

协议	单个智能车辆认证	n个智能车辆认证
Shawky协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 2 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 2 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \|$
APKI协议	$4 \| G \| + 2 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$4 n \| G \| + 2 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$
Liang协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 3 \| t s \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 3 n \| t s \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKA协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \| + \| r e q u e s t \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \| + n \| r e q u e s t \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKE协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \|$
本文协议	$2 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 3 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$2 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 3 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$

Fig. 3 Comparison of communication cost

References 29

[1]	KHANH Q V， HOAI N V， MANH L D， et al. Wireless communication technologies for IoT in 5G： vision， applications， and challenges［J］. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing， 2022， 2022： No.3229294.
[2]	YU M. Construction of regional intelligent transportation system in smart city road network via 5G network［J］. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems， 2023， 24（2）： 2208-2216.
[3]	MAHI M J N， CHAKI S， AHMED S， et al. A review on VANET research： perspective of recent emerging technologies［J］. IEEE Access， 2022， 10： 65760-65783.
[4]	NJOKU J N， NWAKANMA C I， AMAIZU G C， et al. Prospects and challenges of Metaverse application in data-driven intelligent transportation systems［J］. IET Intelligent Transport Systems， 2023， 17（1）： 1-21.
[5]	LIANG W， FAN Y， LI K C， et al. Secure data storage and recovery in industrial blockchain network environments［J］. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics， 2020， 16（10）： 6543-6552.
[6]	MORADI-PARI E， TIAN D， BAHRAMGIRI M， et al. DSRC versus LTE-V2X： empirical performance analysis of direct vehicular communication technologies［J］. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems， 2023， 24（5）： 4889-4903.
[7]	WONG R， WHITE J， GILL S， et al. Virtual traffic light implementation on a roadside unit over 802.11p wireless access in vehicular environments［J］. Sensors， 2022， 22（20）： No.7699.
[8]	KARABULUT M A， SHAH A F M S， ILHAN H， et al. Inspecting VANET with various critical aspects： a systematic review［J］. Ad Hoc Networks， 2023， 150： No.103281.
[9]	GOYAL A K， AGARWAL G， TRIPATHI A K， et al. Systematic study of VANET： applications， challenges， threats， attacks， schemes and issues in research［M］// SHARMA D K， GUPTA K D， DWIVEDI R. Green computing in network security. Boca Raton， FL： CRC Press， 2022： 33-52.
[10]	AVASTHI S， SANWAL T， SHARMA S， et al. VANETs and the use of IoT： approaches， applications， and challenges［M］// MISHRA D U， SHARMA S. Revolutionizing industrial automation through the convergence of artificial intelligence and the internet of things. Hershey， PA： IGI Global， 2023： 1-23.
[11]	SHETTY S R， MANJAIAH D H. A comprehensive study of security attack on VANET［C］// Data management， analytics and innovation： proceedings of ICDMAI 2021， Volume 2， LNDECT 71. Singapore： Springer， 2022： 407-428.
[12]	ZAIDI T， FAISAL S. An overview： various attacks in VANET［C］// Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation. Piscataway： IEEE， 2018： 1-6.
[13]	LEE C C， LAI Y M， CHENG P J. An efficient multiple session key establishment scheme for VANET group integration［J］. IEEE Intelligent Systems， 2016， 31（6）： 35-43.
[14]	JIANG S， CHEN X， CAO Y， et al. APKI： an anonymous authentication scheme based on PKI for VANET［C］// Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems. Piscataway： IEEE， 2022： 530-536.
[15]	AL-RIYAMI S S， PATERSON K G. Certificateless public key cryptography［C］// Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security， LNCS 2894. Berlin： Springer， 2003： 452-473.
[16]	LIN X， SUN X， HO P H， et al. GSIS： a secure and privacy-preserving protocol for vehicular communications［J］. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology， 2007， 56（6）： 3442-3456.
[17]	ZHANG X， ZHONG H， CUI J， et al. LBVP： a lightweight batch verification protocol for fog-based vehicular networks using self-certified public key cryptography［J］. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology， 2022， 71（5）： 5519-5533.
[18]	张晓均，王文琛，付红，等. 智能车载自组织网络中匿名在线注册与安全认证协议［J］. 电子与信息学报， 2022， 44（10）： 3618-3626.
	ZHANG X J， WANG W C， FU H， et al. Anonymous online registration and secure authentication protocol in intelligent vehicular ad-hoc networks［J］. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology， 2022， 44（10）： 3618-3626.
[19]	SHAWKY M A， BOTTARELLI M， EPIPHANIOU G， et al. An efficient cross-layer authentication scheme for secure communication in vehicular ad-hoc networks［J］. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology， 2023， 72（7）： 8738-8754.
[20]	LIANG Y， LUO E， LIU Y. Physically secure and conditional-privacy authenticated key agreement for VANETs［J］. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology， 2023， 72（6）： 7914-7925.
[21]	刘一丹，马永柳，杜宜宾，等. 一种车联网中的无证书匿名认证密钥协商协议［J］. 信息网络安全， 2024， 24（7）： 983-992.
	LIU Y D， MA Y L， DU Y B， et al. A certificateless anonymous authentication key agreement protocol for VANET［J］. Netinfo Security， 2024， 24（7）： 983-992.
[22]	张晓均，张楠，郝云溥，等. 工业物联网系统基于混沌映射三因素认证与密钥协商协议［J］. 信息网络安全， 2024， 24（7）： 1015-1026.
	ZHANG X J， ZHANG N， HAO Y P， et al. Three-factor authentication and key agreement protocol based on chaotic map for industrial internet of things systems［J］. Netinfo Security， 2024， 24（7）： 1015-1026.
[23]	WANG Z， ZHOU Y， QIAO Z， et al. An anonymous and revocable authentication protocol for vehicle-to-vehicle communications［J］. IEEE Internet of Things Journal， 2023， 10（6）： 5114-5127.
[24]	ZHOU Y， XU R， QIAO Z， et al. An anonymous and efficient multimessage and multireceiver certificateless signcryption scheme for VANET［J］. IEEE Internet of Things Journal， 2023， 10（24）： 22823-22835.
[25]	SALEEM M A， LI X， MAHMOOD K， et al. A cost-efficient anonymous authenticated and key agreement scheme for V2I-based vehicular ad-hoc networks［J］. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems， 2024， 25（9）： 12621-12630.
[26]	张晓均，唐浩宇，张楠，等. 分布式智能车载网联系统的匿名认证与密钥协商协议［J］. 电子与信息学报， 2024， 46（4）： 1333-1342.
	ZHANG X J， TANG H Y， ZHANG N， et al. Anonymous authentication and key agreement protocol based on distributed intelligent vehicle networking system［J］. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology， 2024， 46（4）： 1333-1342.
[27]	西南石油大学. 一种智能车载网联系统中的分布式认证密钥协商方法： 202310741359.3［P］. 2023-09-05.
	Southwest Petroleum University. A distributed authentication key agreement method in intelligent vehicle networking systems： 202310741359.3［P］. 2023-09-05.
[28]	乔子芮，杨启良，周彦伟，等. 可证明安全的高效车联网认证密钥协商协议［J］. 计算机学报， 2023， 46（5）：929-944.
	QIAO Z R， YANG Q L， ZHOU Y W， et al. An efficient authentication key agreement protocol with provable security for VANET［J］. Chinese Journal of Computers， 2023， 46（5）：929-944.
[29]	张晓均，唐浩宇，付红，等. 智能车载网络中匿名认证与密钥交换协议［J］. 计算机工程与科学， 2024， 46（1）： 83-90.
	ZHANG X J， TANG H Y， FU H， et al. Anonymous authentication and key exchange protocol in intelligent vehicle networks［J］. Computer Engineering and Science， 2024， 46（1）： 83-90.

协议	单个智能车辆认证	n个智能车辆认证
Shawky协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 2 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 2 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \|$
APKI协议	$4 \| G \| + 2 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$4 n \| G \| + 2 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$
Liang协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 3 \| t s \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 3 n \| t s \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKA协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \| + \| r e q u e s t \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \| + n \| r e q u e s t \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKE协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \|$
本文协议	$2 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 3 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$2 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 3 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$

协议	单个智能车辆认证	n个智能车辆认证
Shawky协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 2 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 2 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \|$
APKI协议	$4 \| G \| + 2 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$4 n \| G \| + 2 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$
Liang协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 3 \| t s \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 3 n \| t s \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKA协议	$2 \| G \| + 3 \| q \| + 2 \| t s \| + \| r e q u e s t \| + \| P I D \|$	$2 n \| G \| + 3 n \| q \| + 2 n \| t s \| + n \| r e q u e s t \| + n \| P I D \|$
AAKE协议	$3 \| G \| + \| P I D \|$	$3 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \|$
本文协议	$2 \| G \| + \| P I D \| + 3 \| q \| + \| t s \|$	$2 n \| G \| + n \| P I D \| + 3 n \| q \| + n \| t s \|$

Anonymous and traceable authentication key agreement protocol in intelligent vehicle networking systems

智能车载网联系统中匿名可追踪的认证密钥协商协议

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 29

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	Yueduan XU, Jianwei CHEN, Hengliang ZHU. Conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme based on certificateless group signature for VANET [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(5): 1556-1563.
[2]	Juangui NING, Guofang DONG. Blockchain-based vehicle-to-infrastructure fast handover authentication scheme in VANET [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2024, 44(1): 252-260.
[3]	Xiuping ZHU, Yali LIU, Changlu LIN, Tao LI, Yongquan DONG. Efficient certificateless ring signature scheme based on elliptic curve [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(11): 3368-3374.
[4]	Jingyu SUN, Jiayu ZHU, Ziqiang TIAN, Guozhen SHI, Chuanjiang GUAN. Attribute based encryption scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography and supporting revocation [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(7): 2094-2103.
[5]	Jingwen WU, Xinchun YIN, Jianting NING. Revocable aggregate signature authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(3): 911-920.
[6]	Shengwei XU, Jie KANG. Multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on logical single particle [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(1): 157-161.
[7]	DU Xinyu, WANG Huaqun. Dynamic group based effective identity authentication and key agreement scheme in LTE-A networks [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(6): 1715-1722.
[8]	Ping ZHANG, Yiqiao JIA, Jiechang WANG, Nianfeng SHI. Three-factor anonymous authentication and key agreement protocol [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2021, 41(11): 3281-3287.
[9]	CHEN Weiwei, CAO Li, SHAO Changhong. Blockchain based efficient anonymous authentication scheme for IOV [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2020, 40(10): 2992-2999.
[10]	CHEN Hong, LIU Yumeng, XIAO Chenglong, GUO Pengfei, XIAO Zhenjiu. Improved RC4 algorithm based on elliptic curve [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2019, 39(8): 2339-2345.
[11]	LIU Xindong, XU Shuishuai, CHEN Jianhua. Authentication scheme for smart grid communication based on elliptic curve cryptography [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2019, 39(3): 779-783.
[12]	XU Hailin, LU Yang. Efficient bilinear-pairing-free certificate-based encryption scheme with keyword search [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2018, 38(2): 379-385.
[13]	WANG Songwei, CHEN Jianhua. Multi-factor authentication key agreement scheme based on chaotic mapping [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2018, 38(10): 2940-2944.
[14]	YANG Xingchun, XU Chunxiang, LI Chaorong. ECC-based RFID authentication protocol enabling tag ownership transfer [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2017, 37(8): 2275-2280.
[15]	LUO Xiaoshuang, YANG Xiaoyuan, WANG Xu'an. A private set intersection protocol against malicious attack [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2017, 37(6): 1593-1598.