Abstract: In the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing, if the node does not fully consider the path node residual energy and link status of the route, some nodes will be dead early, hence the lifetime of the network will be shorten seriously. To resolve this problem, a uneven clustering routing algorithm for wireless sensor network was proposed based on ant colony optimization algorithm. Firstly, the method clustered nodes using uneven clustering algorithm which considered the node energy. Then considering the node need to transmit data as source node, the sink node as destination node, ant colony optimization algorithm was used to do multipath searching, and the searching process fully considered the factors such as transmission energy consumption, path minimum residual energy, transmission distance and transmission hops, time delay and bandwidth of selected link. Several optimal paths that met the conditions were given to complete the information transmission between source and the destination nodes at last. The experimental results show that the lifetime of WSN can be effectively prolonged while fully considering the path transmission energy consumption, path minimum residual energy and transmission hops.

Key words: Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA), energy balance, uneven clustering, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), routing algorithm

摘要： 无线传感器网络(WSN)路由中，节点未充分考虑路径剩余能量及链路状况进行的路由会造成网络中部分节点网络寿命减少，严重影响网络的生存时间。为此，将蚁群优化算法与非均匀分簇路由算法相结合，提出一种基于蚁群优化算法的无线传感器非均匀分簇路由算法。该算法首先利用考虑节点能量的优化非均匀分簇方法对节点进行分簇，然后以需要传输数据的节点为源节点，汇聚节点为目标节点，利用蚁群优化算法进行多路径搜索，搜索过程充分考虑了路径传输能耗、路径最小剩余能量、传输距离和跳数、所选链路的时延和带宽等因素，最后选出满足条件的多条最优路径，完成源目的节点间的信息传输。实验表明，该算法充分考虑路径传输能耗和路径最小剩余能量、传输跳数及传输距离，能有效延长无线传感器网络的生存期。

关键词: 蚁群算法, 能量均衡, 非均匀分簇, 无线传感器网络, 路由算法