关键词: 地面场模型, 粒子群优化模型, 密集人群, 信息物理系统, 仿真推演

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of congestion management and emergency evacuation of high-density crowd under the environment of unconventional emergencies, a four-layer crowd Evacuation Cyber-Physical System (E-CPS) framework was proposed, which contained sensing layer, transport layer, calculation layer and application layer. In the calculation layer of E-CPS framework, a Floor-Field Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) (FF-PSO) crowd evacuation model was proposed by introducing static floor-field modeling rules into classical PSO. The FF-PSO evacuation model has the advantages such as simple rule and quick calculation of static floor-field, fast search and fast convergence of PSO. In addition, a new fitness function was designed and introduced into the proposed FF-PSO model to realize the dynamic adjustment of evacuation strategy. Numerical simulation and instance simulation were carried out to further verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FF-PSO model in congestion management. The instance simulation results of National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai) show that 66 more pedestrians can be evacuated from the accident area per minute on average by the proposed model of introducing congestion management than the model of only considering the shortest distance. Furthermore, the evacuation time is saved by 19 min and the evacuation efficiency is improved by 13.4% by introducing congestion management.

Key words: Floor-Field (FF) model, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) model, high-density crowd, Cyber-Physical System (CPS), simulation and deduction