智能合约安全漏洞挖掘技术研究

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2019010082

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摘要

近年来，以智能合约为代表的第二代区块链平台及应用出现了爆发性的增长，但频发的智能合约漏洞事件严重威胁着区块链生态安全。针对当前主要依靠基于专家经验的代码审计效率低下的问题，提出开发通用的自动化工具来挖掘智能合约漏洞的重要性。首先，调研并分析了智能合约面临的安全威胁问题，总结了代码重入、访问控制、整数溢出等10种出现频率最高的智能合约漏洞类型和攻击方式；其次，讨论了主流的智能合约漏洞的检测手段，并梳理了智能合约漏洞检测的研究现状；然后，通过实验验证了3种现有符号执行工具的检测效果。对于单一漏洞类型，漏报率最高达0.48，误报率最高达0.38。实验结果表明，现有研究涵盖的漏洞类型不完整，误报及漏报多，并且依赖人工复核；最后，针对这些不足展望了未来研究方向，并提出一种符号执行辅助的模糊测试框架，能够缓解模糊测试代码覆盖率不足和符号执行路径爆炸问题，从而提高大中型规模智能合约的漏洞挖掘效率。

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	付梦琳吴礼发洪征冯文博

关键词 ：区块链安全, 智能合约, 以太坊, 漏洞挖掘, 自动化工具

Abstract：

The second generation of blockchain represented by smart contract has experienced an explosive growth of its platforms and applications in recent years. However, frequent smart contract vulnerability incidents pose a serious risk to blockchain ecosystem security. Since code auditing based on expert experience is inefficient in smart contracts vulnerability mining, the significance of developing universal automated tools to mining smart contracts vulnerability was proposed. Firstly, the security threats faced by smart contracts were investigated and analyzed. Top 10 vulnerabilities, including code reentrancy, access control and integer overflow, as well as corresponding attack modes were summarized. Secondly, mainstream detection methods of smart contract vulnerabilities and related works were discussed. Thirdly, the performance of three existing tools based on symbolic execution were verified through experiments. For a single type of vulnerability, the highest false negative rate was 0.48 and the highest false positive rate was 0.38. The experimental results indicate that existing studies only support incomplete types of vulnerability with many false negatives and positives and depend on manual review. Finally, future research directions were forecasted aiming at these limitations, and a symbolic-execution-based fuzzy test framework was proposed. The framework can alleviate the problems of insufficient code coverage in fuzzy test and path explosion in symbolic execution, thus improving vulnerability mining efficiency for large and medium-sized smart contracts.

Key words： blockchain security smart contract Ethereum vulnerability mining automated tool

收稿日期: 2019-01-14 出版日期: 2019-04-15

中图分类号:	TP309
	TP393.08

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFB0802900）。

通讯作者: 付梦琳 E-mail: fu_molly@163.com

作者简介: 付梦琳(1995-),女,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:漏洞挖掘、区块链安全;吴礼发(1968-),男,湖北黄石人,教授,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向:漏洞挖掘、网络管理;洪征(1979-),男,江苏南京人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向:协议逆向、漏洞挖掘;冯文博(1994-),男,河南郑州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:协议识别、机器学习。

引用本文:

付梦琳, 吴礼发, 洪征, 冯文博. 智能合约安全漏洞挖掘技术研究[J]. 计算机应用, 2019, 39(7): 1959-1966. FU Menglin, WU Lifa, HONG Zheng, FENG Wenbo. Research on vulnerability mining technique for smart contracts. Journal of Computer Applications, 2019, 39(7): 1959-1966.

链接本文:

http://www.joca.cn/CN/10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2019010082 或 http://www.joca.cn/CN/Y2019/V39/I7/1959

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