Abstract:

In the cluster-based routing algorithm of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), "energy hole" phenomenon was resulted from energy consumption imbalance between sensors. For this problem, a hybrid multi-hop routing algorithm of effective energy-hole avoidance was put forward on the basis of the research of the flat and hierarchical routing protocols. Firstly, the concept of hotspot area was introduced to divide the monitoring area, and then in clustering stage, the amount of data outside the hotspot area was reduced by using uneven clustering algorithm which could integrate data within the clusters. Secondly, energy consumption was cut down in the hotspot area during clustering stage by no clustering. Finally, in inter-cluster communication phase, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was addressed to seek optimal transmission path which could simultaneously meet the minimization of the maximum next hop distance between two nodes in the routing path and the minimization of the maximum hop count, so the minimization of whole network energy consumption was realized. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, compared with the Reinforcement-Learning-based Lifetime Optimal routing protocol (RLLO) and Multi-Layer routing protocol through Fuzzy logic based Clustering mechanism (MLFC) algorithm, the proposed algorithm shows better performance in energy efficiency and energy consumption uniformity, and the network lifetime is raised by 20.1% and 40.5%, which can avoid the "energy hole" effectively.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), energy-hole, routing protocol, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), life cycle

摘要：

针对在无线传感器网络(WSN)的分簇路由算法中,节点之间能量消耗不均衡容易引发"能量空洞"现象的问题,在研究平面和层次路由协议的基础上,提出了一种有效能量空洞避免的混合多跳路由算法。首先,引入热点区域划分的概念对监测区域进行划分;然后,在分簇阶段,对热点区域外的节点采用非均匀分簇结构,融合簇内数据以减少流入热点区域的数据量;其次,对热点区域内的节点不采取分簇以降低区域内节点的分簇能耗;最后,在簇间通信阶段,通过粒子群优化(PSO)算法寻找同时满足相邻两跳间最大通信距离的最小化和最大通信跳数的最小化的最优传输路径,实现整个网络的能量消耗最低。理论分析和实验结果均表明,所提算法在能量有效性和能耗均衡分配方面都要优于基于增强学习的生命期优化路由协议(RLLO)和基于模糊理论的多层分簇式路由协议(MLFC),网络生存周期分别提高了20.1%和40.5%,可以有效避免"能量空洞"。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 能量空洞, 路由协议, 粒子群优化, 生存周期