Abstract: In order to solve the problems such as high time delay, data leakage and malicious vehicle nodes tampering data of cloud computing in Internet of Vehicles (IoV), a secure storage and sharing scheme of IoV data based on hybrid architecture of blockchain and cloud-edge computing was proposed. Firstly, the dual-chain decentralized storage structure of consortium blockchain-private blockchain was adopted to ensure the security of communication data. Then, the identity-based digital signcryption algorithm and the discrete central binomial distribution-based ring signature scheme were used to solve the security problem in the communication process. Finally, the Dynamic-layering and Reputation-evaluation Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant mechanism (DRPBFT) was proposed, and the edge computing technology was combined with the cloud computing technology, so as to solve the high time delay problem. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can guarantee the security and integrity of data during the information sharing process. Experimental simulation and performance evaluation results show that, DRPBFT has the time delay within 6 s, and effectively improves the throughput of the system. The proposed IoV scheme effectively improves the enthusiasm of vehicle data sharing, leads to more efficient and stable operation of IoV system, and achieves the real-time and efficient purposes of IoV.

Key words: blockchain, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), edge computing, consensus mechanism, incentive mechanism, data security

摘要： 针对车联网（IoV）中云计算的高时延、数据泄漏和恶意车辆节点篡改数据等问题，提出了一种基于区块链与云-边缘计算混合架构的IoV数据安全存储与共享方案。首先，采用联盟链-私有链的双链去中心化存储结构来保障通信数据的安全；然后，利用基于身份的数字签密算法和基于离散中心二项分布的环签名方案来解决通信过程中的安全性问题；最后，提出了基于动态分层和信誉值评估的实用拜占庭容错机制（DRPBFT），并将边缘计算技术与云计算技术相结合，从而解决了高时延问题。安全性分析结果表明，所提方案在信息共享过程中保证了数据的安全性和完整性。实验仿真和性能评估结果表明，DRPBFT的时延在6 s内，且有效地提高了系统的吞吐量。所提IoV方案有效地促进了车辆数据共享的积极性，使IoV系统更加高效稳定地运行，达到了IoV实时、高效的目的。

关键词: 区块链, 车联网, 边缘计算, 共识机制, 激励机制, 数据安全