Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021010107

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 183-190.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021010107

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Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain

Li LI(), Yi WU, Zhikun YANG, Yunpeng CHEN

College of Information and Computer Engineering，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin Heilongjiang 150040，China

Received:2021-01-19 Revised:2021-05-14 Accepted:2021-05-18 Online:2022-01-11 Published:2022-01-10
Contact: Li LI
About author:LI Li， born in 1977， Ph. D.， associate professor. Her research interests include advanced software engineering， blockchain， large-scale distributed computing.
WU Yi， born in 1995， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include sharding based blockchain， blockchain performance， searchable encryption.
YANG Zhikun， born in 1997， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include directed acyclic graph based blockchain， blockchain performance.
CHEN Yunpeng， born in 1996， M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain， random number.

基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案

李莉(), 吴怡, 杨祉坤, 陈云鹏

东北林业大学信息与计算机工程学院，哈尔滨 150040

通讯作者: 李莉
作者简介:李莉（1977—），女，河南孟州人，副教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：先进软件工程、区块链、大型分布式计算
吴怡（1995—），女，福建三明人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：分区型区块链、区块链性能、可搜索加密
杨祉坤（1997—），女，辽宁抚顺人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：有向无环图区块链、区块链性能
陈云鹏（1996—），男，辽宁丹东人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、随机数。

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the limited scalability of medical data sharing based on traditional blockchains， a scale-out and sharing scheme of blockchain based on sharding technology was proposed. Firstly， the periodic network sharding was performed based on the jump consistent hash algorithm， and the risk of Sybil attacks in a single shard was greatly reduced by randomly dividing the network nodes. Then， the Scalable decentralized Trust inFrastructure for Blockchains （SBFT） consensus protocol was used in the shards to reduce the high communication complexity of the Pratic Byzantic Fault Torent （PBFT） consensus protocol， and the two-layer architecture was used between the physical multi-chain of shards and the logical single chain of the main chain to reduce the storage pressure of the members of shards. Finally， a multi-keyword association retrieval searchable encryption sharing scheme based on Public key Encryption with Conjunctive field Keyword Search （PECKS） was proposed on the medical consortium blockchain， so as to improve the patients’ control over their sensitive data， and realize the fine-grained search of sensitive data under encryption. Through performance analysis， it can be seen that under the parallel sharding structure， the throughput of blockchain is significantly increased with the increase of shards， and the retrieval efficiency is also significantly improved. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the efficiency and scalability of the blockchain system.

Key words: blockchain, sharding technology, consensus protocol, Medical Electronic Record (MER), searchable encryption, data sharing

摘要：

针对基于传统区块链进行医疗数据共享时可扩展性受限制的问题，提出一种基于分片技术的区块链扩容共享方案。首先，基于跳跃一致性哈希算法进行周期性网络分片，通过随机划分全网节点大幅度降低单分片内女巫攻击的风险；其次，分片内使用可扩展的去中心化信任基础设施区块链（SBFT）共识协议以降低实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）共识协议的高通信复杂度，并且在分片的物理多链与主链的逻辑单链间采用双层架构以减小分片成员的存储压力；最后，在医疗联盟链上提出基于公钥密码体制的多关键词关联检索可搜索加密共享方案（PECKS），从而提高病人对自己敏感数据的掌控度，并实现加密情况下敏感数据的细粒度检索。通过性能分析可以看出，在并行分片结构下，区块链吞吐量随分片增加有明显增长，检索效率也得到显著提升。实验结果表明，所提方案能大幅度提升区块链系统的效率与可扩展性。

关键词: 区块链, 分片技术, 共识协议, 医疗电子病历, 可搜索加密, 数据共享

CLC Number:

TP311

Li LI, Yi WU, Zhikun YANG, Yunpeng CHEN. Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(1): 183-190.

李莉, 吴怡, 杨祉坤, 陈云鹏. 基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2022, 42(1): 183-190.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Consensus process of SBFT

Fig. 2 The proposed two-layer blockchain structure model

Fig. 3 Status update process of block committed

Fig. 4 The proposed sharing model

Tab. 1 Function comparison among different schemes

方案	基于区块链	分片技术	细粒度访问控制	隐私保护	可搜索加密	多关键词关联检索	数据防篡改	共识机制
文献［15］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［16］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［17］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	PoW
文献［18］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	委托权益证明（Delegated Proof of Stake， DPoS）
文献［1］方案	$√$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	PBFT
本文方案	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	SBFT

Tab. 1 Function comparison among different schemes

方案	基于区块链	分片技术	细粒度访问控制	隐私保护	可搜索加密	多关键词关联检索	数据防篡改	共识机制
文献［15］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［16］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	—
文献［17］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$×$	$√$	PoW
文献［18］方案	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	$×$	$×$	$√$	委托权益证明（Delegated Proof of Stake， DPoS）
文献［1］方案	$√$	$×$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	PBFT
本文方案	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	SBFT

Fig. 5 Throughput comparison

Tab. 2 Comparison of calculation cost

方案	加密阶段	检索阶段	解密阶段
文献［15］方案	$3 T e + T p + 4 T h$	$T e + 2 T p + T h$	$T e + T p + T h$
文献［16］方案	$8 T e + 2 T p + 7 T h$	$T p + T h$	$T p + T h$
本文方案	$(m + 1) T p + (m + 2) T h$	$T p + 2 t T h$	$T p + T h$

Tab. 2 Comparison of calculation cost

方案	加密阶段	检索阶段	解密阶段
文献［15］方案	$3 T e + T p + 4 T h$	$T e + 2 T p + T h$	$T e + T p + T h$
文献［16］方案	$8 T e + 2 T p + 7 T h$	$T p + T h$	$T p + T h$
本文方案	$(m + 1) T p + (m + 2) T h$	$T p + 2 t T h$	$T p + T h$

Fig. 6 Comparison of retrieval time

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Medical electronic record sharing scheme based on sharding-based blockchain

基于分区型区块链医疗电子病历共享方案

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