Blockchain-based identity authentication scheme for cross-departmental collaboration in e-government

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024121851

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 3477-3485.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024121851

• The 7th CCF China Conference on Blockchain Technology • Previous Articles

Blockchain-based identity authentication scheme for cross-departmental collaboration in e-government

Rui WANG¹^,², Heng PAN¹^,²(), Kun LIU³, Xueming SI¹^,², Bowei ZHANG¹^,², Kunyang LI¹^,²

^1.School of Cyberspace Security，Zhongyuan University of Technology，Zhengzhou Henan 450007，China
^2.Henan International Joint Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Sharing（Zhongyuan University of Technology），Zhengzhou Henan 450007，China
^3.School of Automation，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-03-03 Accepted:2025-03-10 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-11-10
Contact: Heng PAN
About author:WANG Rui， born in 2000， M. S. candidate. His research interests include cybersecurity， blockchain.
LIU Kun， born in 1982，Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include security control， privacy protection.
SI Xueming， born in 1966， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include blockchain， cryptology.
ZHANG Bowei， born in 2000， M. S. candidate. His research interests include cryptology， blockchain.
LI Kunyang， born in 1999， M. S. candidate. His research interests include cryptology， blockchain.
Supported by:
Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(24A520059);Discipline Strength Enhancement Program of Zhongyuan University of Technology(GG202425)

基于区块链的电子政务跨部门协作身份认证方案

王睿¹^,², 潘恒¹^,²(), 刘坤³, 斯雪明¹^,², 张博伟¹^,², 李坤阳¹^,²

^1.中原工学院网络空间安全学院，郑州 450007
^2.河南省区块链与数据共享国际联合实验室（中原工学院），郑州 450007
^3.北京理工大学自动化学院，北京 100081

通讯作者: 潘恒
作者简介:王睿（2000—），男，河南洛阳人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：密码学、区块链
刘坤（1982—），男，山东禹城人，教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：安全控制、隐私保护
斯雪明（1966—），男，浙江诸暨人，教授，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、密码学
张博伟（2000—），男，陕西渭南人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：密码学、区块链
李坤阳（1999—），男，河南新乡人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：密码学、区块链。
基金资助:
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A520059);中原工学院优势学科实力提升计划项目(GG202425)

Abstract

Abstract:

Concerning the challenges of complicated credential verification processes， limited credential sharing， and users' repeatedly applying for credentials during cross-department collaborative identity authentication in the digital transformation of government services， a blockchain-based cross-department collaborative identity authentication scheme for e-government was proposed. Firstly， a Verifiable Credential （VC） and its Proof of existence （VC Proof） mechanism were designed to store credential hash values and proof information on the blockchain to enable efficient multi-departmental credential verification. Secondly， an authorized credential mechanism was constructed to facilitate credential interactions between verifiers and relevant departments， thereby reducing the burden on users to repeatedly apply for credentials. Meanwhile， a smart contract-based non-interactive zero-knowledge proof technique was introduced to complete identity authentication while preserving the privacy of VCs. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has low verification gas consumption， stabilizing at around 500 gas， while the gas consumption for contract deployment increases linearly with the scale of the contract. When the verification gas consumption is 140.55 Gwei， its throughput reaches the highest， about 7×10⁴ TPS （Transactions Per Second）， and when the verification gas consumption increases to 562.562 Gwei， the throughout drops to approximately 2×10⁴ TPS. In addition， compared to experimental results on Ethereum， the proposed scheme demonstrates better performance under the same concurrency conditions， with the average response time reduced by approximately 0.32 seconds.

Key words: blockchain, cross-departmental collaboration, identity authentication, verifiable credential, zero-knowledge proof

摘要：

针对政务服务数字化转型过程中跨部门协作身份认证存在的凭证验证流程复杂、凭证共享受限及用户需多次往返申请凭证等问题，提出一种基于区块链的电子政务跨部门协作身份认证方案。首先，设计可验证凭证（VC）及其存在性证明（VC Proof）机制，将凭证哈希值及证明信息存储至区块链，以实现多部门间的高效凭证验证。其次，构建授权凭证机制，使验证方与相关部门进行凭证交互，从而减少用户重复申请凭证的负担；同时，引入基于智能合约的非交互式零知识证明技术，在保障VC隐私的前提下完成身份认证。实验结果表明，所提方案的验证gas消耗较低，稳定在500 gas左右，且合约部署的gas消耗随合约规模呈线性增长；当验证gas消耗为140.55 Gwei时，它的吞吐量达到最高，约7×10⁴ TPS（每秒处理事务数），而验证gas消耗增至562.562 Gwei时，吞吐量下降至约2×10⁴ TPS。此外，与以太坊上的实验结果相比，所提方案在相同并发环境下展现出更优的性能，平均响应时间缩短了约0.32 s。

关键词: 区块链, 跨部门协作, 身份认证, 可验证凭证, 零知识证明

CLC Number:

TP311.13

Rui WANG, Heng PAN, Kun LIU, Xueming SI, Bowei ZHANG, Kunyang LI. Blockchain-based identity authentication scheme for cross-departmental collaboration in e-government[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(11): 3477-3485.

王睿, 潘恒, 刘坤, 斯雪明, 张博伟, 李坤阳. 基于区块链的电子政务跨部门协作身份认证方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2025, 45(11): 3477-3485.

Figures/Tables 17

Tab. 1 Data structure of DID document

字段名称	描述
DID	本文档对应的DID标识符
Public Key	DID标识符对应的公钥
Created	DID文档创建日期
Updated	DID文档更新日期

Tab. 2 Data structure of VC

字段名称	描述	字段名称	描述
vcId	身份凭证ID	expirationDate	凭证到期时间
DID_DP	凭证提供方DID	identityInfo	身份数据
DID_DO	凭证拥有方DID	signatureValue	身份凭证签名信息
issuanceDate	凭证创建时间

Tab. 3 Data structure of VC Proof

字段名称	描述	字段名称	描述
vcId	身份凭证ID	issuanceDate	凭证创建时间
DID_DP	凭证提供方DID	expirationDate	凭证到期时间
DID_DO	凭证拥有方DID	VC_hash	身份凭证哈希值

Tab. 4 Data structure of authorized VC

字段名称	描述	字段名称	描述
DID_DP	凭证提供方DID	issuanceDate	凭证创建时间
DID_DO	凭证拥有方DID	expirationDate	凭证到期时间
DID_PR	凭证验证方DID	signatureValue	身份凭证签名信息

Fig. 1 Overall architecture

Fig. 2 Real-world identity binding with DID

Fig. 3 Interaction process for requesting stage-representative VC （Using issuance of graduation certificate VC as example）

Fig. 4 Credential verification stage

Fig. 5 Zero-knowledge verification stage

Fig. 6 Zero-knowledge verification circuit

Fig. 7 Proof file

Fig. 8 Verification contract

Fig. 9 Deploying on ChainMaker

Fig. 10 On-chain storage and verification testing of VC and Hashed VC Proof

Fig. 11 Influence of contract size on gas consumption for deployment and verification

Fig. 12 Relationship between verification gas consumption and throughput

Fig. 13 Impact of the number of concurrent users on system throughput

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Blockchain-based identity authentication scheme for cross-departmental collaboration in e-government

基于区块链的电子政务跨部门协作身份认证方案

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