计算机应用 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1257-1262.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2017.05.1257

• 第22届全国信息存储技术学术会议 • 上一篇    下一篇

全程优化的固态硬盘垃圾回收方法

方才华1,2, 刘景宁1,2, 童薇1,2, 高阳1,2, 雷霞1,2, 蒋瑜1,2   

  1. 1. 武汉光电国家实验室(华中科技大学), 武汉 430074;
    2. 信息存储系统教育部重点实验室(华中科技大学), 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-15 修回日期:2016-11-25 出版日期:2017-05-10 发布日期:2017-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 童薇
  • 作者简介:方才华(1994-),男,浙江三门人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:大数据存储、固态存储、数据去重;刘景宁(1957-),女,湖北武汉人,教授,博士,主要研究方向:固态存储、数据挖掘、分布式存储;童薇(1977-),女,湖北黄陂人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向:非易失性存储器、输入/输出虚拟化;高阳(1992-),男,湖北广水人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:大数据存储、键值对存储;雷霞(1993-),女,湖北仙桃人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:大数据存储、安全删除;蒋瑜(1993-),男,江苏常州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:固态存储、非易失存储器。
  • 基金资助:
    国家863计划项目(2015AA016701,2015AA015301);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61303046,61402189,61472153)。

Whole process optimized garbage collection for solid-state drives

FANG Caihua1,2, LIU Jingning1,2, TONG Wei1,2, GAO Yang1,2, LEI Xia1,2, JIANG Yu1,2   

  1. 1. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan Hubei 430074, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Information Storage System of Ministry of Education(Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan Hubei 430074, China
  • Received:2016-07-15 Revised:2016-11-25 Online:2017-05-10 Published:2017-05-16
  • Supported by:
    This work is partially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (2015AA016701, 2015AA015301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61303046, 61402189, 61472153).

摘要: 由于NAND闪存的固有限制,写前擦除和擦除粒度较大,基于NAND Flash的固态硬盘(SSD)需要执行垃圾回收以重用失效页。然而垃圾回收带来的高开销会显著降低SSD的性能,也会直接影响SSD的寿命。特别是对于频繁使用的有数据碎片的SSD,垃圾回收带来的性能下降问题将更为严重,现有的垃圾回收(GC)算法各自侧重垃圾回收操作的某个步骤,并没有给出全面考虑各步骤对整体影响的综合方案。针对该问题,在详细剖析垃圾回收过程的基础上,提出了一种全程优化的垃圾回收方法WPO-GC,在数据初始放置、垃圾回收目标块的选择、有效数据的迁移、触发回收的时间点以及中断处理方式上,尽可能全面地考虑各步骤对SSD正常读写请求和寿命的影响。通过开源模拟器SSDsim上的WPO-GC的有效性验证表明,同典型GC算法相比,WPO-GC可以减少SSD读请求延迟20%~40%和写请求延迟17%~40%,均衡磨损近30%。

关键词: 闪存, 固态盘, 垃圾回收, 磨损均衡, 使用寿命

Abstract: Due to NAND flash' inherent restrictions like erase-before-write and a large erase unit, flash-based Solid-State Drives (SSD) demand garbage collection operations to reclaim invalid physical pages. However, the high overhead caused by garbage collection significantly decrease the performance and lifetime of SSD. Garbage collection performance will be more serious, especially when the data fragments of SSD are frequently used. Existing Garbage Collection (GC) algorithms only focus on some steps of the garbage collection operation, and none of them provids a comprehensive solution that takes into consideration all the steps of the GC process. On the basis of detailed analysis of the GC process, a whole process optimized garbage collection algorithm named WPO-GC (Whole Process Optimized Garbage Collection) was proposed, which integrated optimizations on each step of the GC in order to reduce the negative impact on normal read/write requests and SSD' lifetime at the greatest extent. Moreover, the WPO-GC was implemented on SSDsim which is an open source SSD simulator to evaluate its efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can decreases read I/O response time by 20%-40% and write I/O response time by 17%-40% respectively, and balance wear nearly 30% to extend the lifetime, compared with typical GC algorithm.

Key words: flash memory, Solid-State Drive (SSD), Garbage Collection (GC), wear-leveling, lifetime

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