关键词: 数字取证, JPEG 重压缩取证, JPEG压缩流程, 误差图像, 收敛误差

Abstract: The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression is one of the most widely used image compression standards today, and it is involved in various forensic scenarios and security models such as image operation chain forensics, image source forensics, steganography and steganalysis, and JPEG anti-forensics. Consequently, researchers have conducted extensive studies on JPEG recompression forensics, discovering that it not only provides prior knowledge for image forensics but can also be directly applied in forensic scenarios. Subsequently, existing methods for each type of recompression problem were reviewed and analyzed comprehensively. Furthermore, since robustness studies on JPEG recompression have been involved in fields such as image steganography and adversarial examples, the applications of JPEG recompression feature characteristics in these domains were listed. Commonly used algorithms were then selected for comparison, and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. Finally, unresolved issues and future development trends in JPEG recompression forensics were identified.

Key words: Digital Forensics, JPEG Recompression Forensics, JPEG Compression Process, Error Image, Convergence Error