《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 839-846.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025030297

• 网络空间安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于差分的多级量化共享密钥提取方案

李琼1, 陈纯毅1,2(), 张振忠1, 于波1, 于海洋1, 胡小娟1   

  1. 1.长春理工大学 计算机科学技术学院,长春 130022
    2.光电测控与光信息传输技术教育部重点实验室(长春理工大学),长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 修回日期:2025-05-08 接受日期:2025-05-12 发布日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈纯毅
  • 作者简介:李琼(1997—),女,河南周口人,博士研究生,CCF会员,主要研究方向:无线信道密钥提取
    张振忠(1998—),男,山西忻州人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:无线信道通信安全
    于波(1990—),女,内蒙古通辽人,博士研究生,CCF会员,主要研究方向:计算机仿真应用
    于海洋(1989—),男,吉林长春人,副教授,博士,主要研究方向:光传输仿真
    胡小娟(1985—),女,山东淄博人,讲师,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向:无线信号处理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(62275033);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62305030);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20240602123RC)

Difference-based shared key extraction scheme via multi-level quantization

Qiong LI1, Chunyi CHEN1,2(), Zhenzhong ZHANG1, Bo YU1, Haiyang YU1, Xiaojuan HU1   

  1. 1.School of Computer Science and Technology,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun Jilin 130022,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Measurement and Control and Optical Information Transfer Technology,Ministry of Education (Changchun University of Science and Technology),Changchun Jilin 130022,China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-05-08 Accepted:2025-05-12 Online:2025-05-19 Published:2026-03-10
  • Contact: Chunyi CHEN
  • About author:LI Qiong, born in 1997, Ph. D. candidate. Her research interests include wireless channel key extraction.
    ZHANG Zhenzhong, born in 1998, Ph. D. candidate. His research interests include wireless channel communication security.
    YU Bo, born in 1990, Ph. D. candidate. Her research interests include computer simulation applications.
    YU Haiyang, born in 1989, Ph. D., associate professor. His research interests include optical transmission simulation.
    HU Xiaojuan, born in 1985, Ph. D., lecturer. Her research interests include wireless signal processing.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(62275033);Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(20240602123RC)

摘要:

合法通信双方可以利用无线信道状态的随机特性提取符合信息论安全的共享密钥序列。为了提高无线信道提取密钥的效率,提出一种基于差分的多级量化共享密钥提取方案。该方案采用随机调制对无线信道进行高频采样,并引入融合随机抽样差分的自适应符号量化(ASQ)和均衡化多比特修正量化(BMMQ)这2个算法处理一阶差分序列,以获得原始密钥序列。在此基础上,应用信息协商算法纠正原始密钥中不一致的比特,并使用原始密钥及一阶差分序列重构信号,再对该信号进行二次量化,最终实现合法通信双方的密钥同步。实验结果表明,随机抽样差分能够将相邻样本点之间的相关系数降低至e?1以下,有效降低密钥序列中的统计依赖性;在信噪比(SNR)为25 dB的条件下,ASQ算法可在保持原始密钥提取率(OKER)为0.86的同时,将密钥不一致率(KDR)降低至3.8×10??;在无损量化的条件下,BMMQ算法可以把KDR降低至7×10?3。最终生成的共享密钥序列通过了NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)随机性测试,验证了密钥的安全性和有效性。

关键词: 无线信道, 密钥提取, 多级量化, 随机抽样, 信号重构

Abstract:

Legitimate communicating parties can leverage the randomness of wireless channel state to extract shared key sequences that are information-theoretically secure. To enhance the efficiency of wireless channel key extraction, a difference-based shared key extraction scheme via multi-level quantization was proposed. In the scheme, random modulation was employed to perform high-frequency sampling of the wireless channel, and two quantization algorithms integrated with random sampling difference — Adaptive Symbol Quantization (ASQ) and Balanced Multi-bit Modified Quantization (BMMQ) — were introduced to process the first-order differential sequence, so as to obtain the original key sequence. On this basis, an information negotiation algorithm was applied to correct inconsistent bits in the original key, and the signal was reconstructed using the original key and the first-order differential sequence, and then the signal was requantized, ultimately achieving key synchronization between legitimate communicating parties. Experimental results demonstrate that random sampling difference reduces the correlation coefficient between adjacent sample points to below e?1, thereby decreasing statistical dependence in the key sequence effectively; under a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 25 dB, the ASQ algorithm reduces the Key Disagreement Rate (KDR) to 3.8×10?? while maintaining an Original Key Extraction Rate (OKER) of 0.86; under lossless quantization conditions, the BMMQ algorithm reduces the KDR to 7×10?3. The finally generated shared key sequences pass the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) randomness test, validating the security and effectiveness of the keys.

Key words: wireless channel, key extraction, multi-level quantization, random sampling, signal reconstruction

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