《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 2505-2514.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025070901

• 网络空间安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

云环境下非人员实体的零信任身份认证方案

贾悠1, 吴娅玲2, 苗青鹏1()   

  1. 1.中国电子科技集团公司 第三十研究所,成都 610041
    2.西南交通大学 数学与信息交叉实验室,成都 611756
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 修回日期:2025-10-31 接受日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-12-22 出版日期:2026-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 苗青鹏
  • 作者简介:贾悠(1987—),男,四川成都人,高级工程师,硕士,主要研究方向:网络安全
    吴娅玲(2000—),女,四川绵阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:网络与信息安全、零信任安全
    苗青鹏(1981—),男,四川德昌人,高级工程师,主要研究方向:网络安全、零信任安全。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技创新人才项目(2024JDRC0007);四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2023YFG0146)

Zero-trust authentication scheme for non-person entities in cloud environments

You JIA1, Yaling WU2, Qingpeng MIAO1()   

  1. 1.The 30th Research Institute,China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Chengdu Sichuan 610041,China
    2.Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Mathematics and Information,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
  • Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-10-31 Accepted:2025-10-31 Online:2025-12-22 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: Qingpeng MIAO
  • About author:JIA You, born in 1987, M. S., senior engineer. His research interests include network security.
    WU Yaling, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include network and information security, zero-trust security.
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project(2024JDRC0007);Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2023YFG0146)

摘要:

当前云环境普遍使用基于边界的安全防护手段,仅依赖防火墙端口策略或简单的认证机制进行访问控制,因而存在多重不足:一方面,可能造成内部实体身份盗用与抵赖、横向移动、流量攻击或敏感数据泄露;另一方面,现有的JWT(JSON Web Token)和TLS(Transport Layer Security)等机制虽被部分采用,但存在重放攻击、端口暴露和管理复杂等问题。针对上述风险,提出一种基于零信任思想的非人员实体(NPE)身份注册与认证方案。该方案中,设计多级身份注册机制,引入国密算法SM9,以实现NPE密钥生成、身份绑定及自动分发;通过改进现有的单包授权(SPA)技术并结合JWT,实现NPE间的双向认证与细粒度授权。安全性分析表明,所提方案能够缓解分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击,抵抗重放攻击和中间人攻击等多种网络威胁,相较于JWT、TLS和基于UDP (User Datagram Protocol)的SPA等认证方案具有安全优势。实验结果表明,相较于使用软件定义边界(SDP)控制器的认证方案,所提方案降低了50%的通信时延,减少了62.03%的认证开销。

关键词: 零信任, 非人员实体, 多级身份注册, 单包授权, 身份认证

Abstract:

Current cloud environments commonly use perimeter-based security mechanisms, only relying on firewall port policies or simple authentication for access control, so there are several limitations: first, they may lead to identity theft and repudiation among internal entities, lateral movement, traffic-based attacks, or sensitive data leakage; second, the existing mechanisms such as JWT (JSON Web Token) and TLS (Transport Layer Security), though partially adopted, still suffer from replay attacks, port exposure, and management complexity. To address these risks, we proposed a Non-Person Entity (NPE) identity registration and authentication scheme based on the zero-trust principle. In the scheme, we designed a multi-level identity registration mechanism and employed the Chinese national cryptographic algorithm SM9 to achieve NPE key generation, identity binding, and automatic distribution. By improving the existing Single Packet Authorization (SPA) technique and integrating JWT, we realized bidirectional authentication and fine-grained authorization among NPEs. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can mitigate Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks and resist various network threats such as replay and man-in-the-middle attacks, offering security advantages over authentication schemes such as JWT, TLS and UDP (User Datagram Protocol)-based SPA. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with the Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) controller-based authentication scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the communication latency by 50% and decreases the authentication overhead by 62.03%.

Key words: zero trust, Non-Person Entity (NPE), multi-level identity registration, Single Packet Authorization (SPA), authentication

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