Abstract: In order to effectively protect video information, according to the characteristics of H.265/HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), a scheme combining transform coefficient scrambling and syntax element encryption was proposed. For Transform Unit (TU), the TU with the size of 4×4 was scrambled by Arnold transform. At the same time, a shift cipher was designed, and the cipher was initialized according to the approximate distribution rule of the Direct Current (DC) coefficient of the TU, and the DC coefficients of TU with the size of 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 were shifting encrypted using encryption map generated by Arnold transform. For some of the syntax elements with bypass coding used in the entropy coding process, the Logistic chaotic sequence was used for encryption. After encryption, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structual Similarity (SSIM) of the video were decreased by 26.1 dB and 0.51 respectively on average, while the compression ratio was only decreased by 1.126% and the coding time was only increased by 0.17%. Experimental results show that under the premise of ensuring better encryption effect and less impact on bit rate, the proposed scheme has less extra coding overhead and is suitable for real-time video applications.

Key words: High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Logistic, Arnold transform, selective encryption, Transform Unit (TU), syntax element

摘要： 为了有效地保护视频信息，根据H.265/高效视频编码（HEVC）的特点，提出一种变换系数置乱和语法元素加密相结合的方案。针对变换单元（TU），利用Arnold变换对4×4大小的TU进行置乱，同时设计了一种移位加密器，根据TU的直流电（DC）系数近似分布规律对加密器进行初始化，并用Arnold变换生成加密映射对8×8、16×16、32×32大小TU的DC系数进行移位加密。针对熵编码过程中部分采用旁路编码的语法元素，利用Logistic混沌序列进行加密。加密后的视频峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）分别平均下降了26.1 dB和0.51，压缩率仅降低了1.126%，也仅带来0.170%的编码时间增长。实验结果表明，在保证较好的加密效果、对比特率影响较小的前提下，所提方案具有较小的额外编码开销，适用于实时视频应用。

关键词: 高效视频编码, Logistic, Arnold变换, 选择性加密, 变换单元, 语法元素