Authenticatable privacy-preserving scheme based on signcryption from lattice for vehicular ad hoc network

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2023010083

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 233-241.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2023010083

• Cyber security • Previous Articles

Authenticatable privacy-preserving scheme based on signcryption from lattice for vehicular ad hoc network

Jianyang CUI, Ying CAI(), Yu ZHANG, Yanfang FAN

Computer School，Beijing Information Science and Technology University，Beijing 100101，China

Received:2023-02-06 Revised:2023-05-10 Accepted:2023-05-12 Online:2023-06-06 Published:2024-01-10
Contact: Ying CAI
About author:CUI Jianyang， born in 1996， M. S. candidate. His research interests include vehicular ad hoc network， information security， privacy protection.
ZHANG Yu， born in 1997， M. S. candidate. Her research interests include deep learning， differential privacy.
FAN Yanfang， born in 1979， Ph. D.， associate professor. Her research interests include information security， vehicular networks， edge computing.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61672106);Natural Science Foundation of Beijing-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund(L192023)

车载自组织网络中格基签密的可认证隐私保护方案

崔剑阳, 蔡英(), 张宇, 范艳芳

北京信息科技大学计算机学院，北京 100101

通讯作者: 蔡英
作者简介:崔剑阳（1996—），男，河北承德人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：车载自组织网络、信息安全、隐私保护；
张宇（1997—），女，河北石家庄人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：深度学习、差分隐私；
范艳芳（1979—），女，山西运城人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向：信息安全、车联网、边缘计算。
第一联系人：蔡英（1966—），女，四川绵阳人，教授，博士，CCF会员，主要研究方向：车联网、边缘计算、隐私保护、计算机安全；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61672106);北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金资助项目(L192023)

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issues of user privacy leakage and message authentication in Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork （VANET）， an authenticatable privacy-preserving scheme based on signcryption from lattice was proposed. Firstly， the public key of receiver was used to signcrypt the message to generate the ciphertext， and only the receiver with corresponding private key could decrypt the ciphertext， which ensures messages visible only to authorized users. Secondly， after decrypting the message， the receiver calculated the hash value of the message by one-way secure hash function， and judged whether the hash value of the message changed， which realized message authentication. Finally， Number Theoretic Transform （NTT） algorithm was used to reduce the computational overhead of polynomial multiplication and improve the computational efficiency of the scheme. The proposed scheme was proved to have INDistinguishability under Chosen Ciphertext Attack （IND-CCA2） and Strong UnForgeability under Chosen Message Attack （SUF-CMA） under the random oracle model. In addition， the security of the proposed scheme is based on lattice hardness problems， so that it can resist quantum algorithm attack. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed scheme improves the performance in terms of communication delay （at least reducing 10.01%）， message loss rate （at least reducing 31.79%） and communication overhead （at least reducing 31.25%） compared to similar authenticated privacy-preserving schemes and a lattice-based signature scheme. Therefore， the proposed scheme is more suitable for resource-constrained VANETs.

Key words: Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET), authentication, privacy-preserving, lattice, signcryption

摘要：

针对车载自组织网络（VANET）中用户的隐私泄露和信息传输过程中的安全认证问题，提出一种VANET中格基签密的可认证隐私保护方案。首先，消息发送方利用接收方的公钥对消息进行签密，只有拥有私钥的接收车辆才能解密出消息，以保证消息内容在传输过程中只对授权用户可见；其次，车辆接收方解密出消息后，利用单向安全的哈希函数计算消息的哈希值，并判断是否与签密过程中的哈希值相等，实现对消息的认证；最后，采用快速数论变换（NTT）算法降低格中环上多项式乘法的计算开销，提高方案的计算效率。在随机预言机模型下证明了所提方案在适应性选择密文攻击下具有不可区分性，在适应性选择消息攻击（IND-CCA2）下具有强不可伪造性。此外，所提方案的安全性基于格上困难问题，可以抵抗量子算法攻击。仿真实验结果表明，与同类具有消息认证功能的隐私保护方案以及基于格上困难问题的签名方案相比，所提方案的通信时延至少减少了10.01%，消息丢失率至少减小了31.79%，通信开销至少减少了31.25%。因此，所提方案更适用于资源有限的VANET环境。

关键词: 车载自组织网络, 认证, 隐私保护, 格, 签密

CLC Number:

TP309

Jianyang CUI, Ying CAI, Yu ZHANG, Yanfang FAN. Authenticatable privacy-preserving scheme based on signcryption from lattice for vehicular ad hoc network[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2024, 44(1): 233-241.

崔剑阳, 蔡英, 张宇, 范艳芳. 车载自组织网络中格基签密的可认证隐私保护方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2024, 44(1): 233-241.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 VANET model structure

Fig. 2 Process of authenticated signcryption scheme

Fig. 3 Flow of authenticated privacy-preserving scheme

Tab. 1 Symbol description

符号	符号含义描述
$N$	自然数
$n$	$n$ 为2的整数次幂
$q$	大素数
$Z q [x]$	系数范围在 $(- q / 2, q / 2]$ 的整数多项式
$R q$	$R q = Z q [x] / x n + 1$
$R q, [C]$	系数范围在 $[- C, C]$ 的整数多项式
$C ¯ n, ω$	度为 $n - 1$ 的多项式集合
$\| \| ⋅ \| \|$	向量的欧几里得范数
$p k$	车辆或RSU的公钥
$s k$	车辆或RSU的私钥
$D σ$	整数域上均值为0，标准差为 $σ$ 的高斯分布
$a ← D σ n$	抽样出系数服从 $D σ$ 分布的多项式 $a$
$[c] 2 d$	$c m o d 2 d$ ，其输出范围为 $(- 2 d - 1, 2 d - 1] ∈ Z$
$[c] d, q$	$c = ((c - [c] 2 d) / 2 d) (m o d q)$ ，其中 $d ∈ N$
$⊕$	异或操作

Tab. 1 Symbol description

符号	符号含义描述
$N$	自然数
$n$	$n$ 为2的整数次幂
$q$	大素数
$Z q [x]$	系数范围在 $(- q / 2, q / 2]$ 的整数多项式
$R q$	$R q = Z q [x] / x n + 1$
$R q, [C]$	系数范围在 $[- C, C]$ 的整数多项式
$C ¯ n, ω$	度为 $n - 1$ 的多项式集合
$\| \| ⋅ \| \|$	向量的欧几里得范数
$p k$	车辆或RSU的公钥
$s k$	车辆或RSU的私钥
$D σ$	整数域上均值为0，标准差为 $σ$ 的高斯分布
$a ← D σ n$	抽样出系数服从 $D σ$ 分布的多项式 $a$
$[c] 2 d$	$c m o d 2 d$ ，其输出范围为 $(- 2 d - 1, 2 d - 1] ∈ Z$
$[c] d, q$	$c = ((c - [c] 2 d) / 2 d) (m o d q)$ ，其中 $d ∈ N$
$⊕$	异或操作

Tab. 2 Comparison of security among different schemes

方案	机密性	不可伪造性	可认证性	抗量子算法攻击性
文献［17］方案	√	×	√	×
文献［18］方案	√	√	√	×
文献［29］方案	×	√	√	√
本文方案	√	√	√	√

Tab. 3 Cryptographic operation time

符号	含义	计算时间
$T s$	高斯采样运算所需时间	0.326 267
$T m, a$	计算多项式乘法所需时间	0.031 124
$T a, e$	环 $R q$ 中加法运算所需时间	0.002 404
$T h$	执行哈希函数所需时间	0.000 146
$T m, e$	计算标量乘法所需时间	0.401 022
$T m, g$	循环群中乘法所需时间	0.165 217
$T a, g$	循环群中加法所需时间	0.001 404

Tab. 3 Cryptographic operation time

符号	含义	计算时间
$T s$	高斯采样运算所需时间	0.326 267
$T m, a$	计算多项式乘法所需时间	0.031 124
$T a, e$	环 $R q$ 中加法运算所需时间	0.002 404
$T h$	执行哈希函数所需时间	0.000 146
$T m, e$	计算标量乘法所需时间	0.401 022
$T m, g$	循环群中乘法所需时间	0.165 217
$T a, g$	循环群中加法所需时间	0.001 404

Tab. 4 Comparison of computational overhead and communication overhead among different schemes

方案	计算开销/ms		通信开销/B
方案	签密	解签密	通信开销/B
本文方案	$3 T s + 7 T m . a + 6 T a, e + T h$	$T h + 5 T m . a + 3 T a, e$	176
文献［17］方案	$3 T m, g + T a, g$	$3 T m, e + 3 T m, g + T a, g + T h$	256
文献［18］方案	$3 T m, e$	$4 T m, e$	724
文献［29］方案	$2 T s + 5 T m, a + 5 T a, e$	$T h + 6 T m, a + 3 T a, e$	320

Tab. 4 Comparison of computational overhead and communication overhead among different schemes

方案	计算开销/ms		通信开销/B
方案	签密	解签密	通信开销/B
本文方案	$3 T s + 7 T m . a + 6 T a, e + T h$	$T h + 5 T m . a + 3 T a, e$	176
文献［17］方案	$3 T m, g + T a, g$	$3 T m, e + 3 T m, g + T a, g + T h$	256
文献［18］方案	$3 T m, e$	$4 T m, e$	724
文献［29］方案	$2 T s + 5 T m, a + 5 T a, e$	$T h + 6 T m, a + 3 T a, e$	320

Tab. 5 Simulation parameters

参数	值
仿真节点移动速度/（km·h^-1）	≤70
仿真节点最大通信距离/m	300
RSU覆盖半径范围/m	500
车间距/m	5
车道	单向3车道，共6车道
可用带宽/（Mb·s^-1）	6

Fig. 4 Comparison of communication delay among different schemes

Fig. 5 Comparison of message loss rate among different schemes

Fig. 6 Comparison of communication overhead among different schemes

Fig. 7 Simulation results of tampering attack

References 29

1	CUI J， CAI Y， YANG S， et al. A survey on privacy-preserving schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks ［C］// Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 15th International Conference on Anti-counterfeiting， Security， and Identification. Piscataway： IEEE， 2021： 129-134. 10.1109/asid52932.2021.9651711
2	MOHAMMED N， KADHIM R A. A survey of congestion control in vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANET）［C］// Proceedings of the 2022 Iraqi International Conference on Communication and Information Technologies. Piscataway： IEEE， 2022： 20-25. 10.1109/iiccit55816.2022.10010504
3	PRAKASH M， SARANYA K. VANET authentication with privacy-preserving schemes — A survey ［C］// Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Communication， Computing and Electronics Systems. Cham： Springer， 2023： 465-480. 10.1007/978-981-19-7753-4_36
4	WEI L， CUI J， XU Y， et al. Secure and lightweight conditional privacy-preserving authentication for securing traffic emergency messages in VANETs ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security， 2021， 16： 1681-1695. 10.1109/tifs.2020.3040876
5	WANG Y， ZHONG H， XU Y， et al. Enhanced security identity-based privacy-preserving authentication scheme supporting revocation for VANET ［J］. IEEE Systems Journal， 2020， 14（4）： 5373-5383. 10.1109/jsyst.2020.2977670
6	RASHMI K H， PATIL R. Survey on cross layer approach for robust communication in VANET ［J］. Wireless Personal Communications， 2021， 119： 3413-3434. 10.1007/s11277-021-08414-2
7	张浩，蔡英，夏红科. VANET中基于RSU辅助签名环形成的方案［J］.计算机科学， 2020， 47（5）： 301-305. 10.11896/jsjkx.190400119
	ZHANG H， CAI Y， XIA H K. RSU-based assisting ring formation scheme in VANET ［J］. Computer Science， 2020， 47（5）： 301-305. 10.11896/jsjkx.190400119
8	吴静雯，殷新春，宁建廷.车载自组网中可撤销的聚合签名认证方案［J］.计算机应用， 2022， 42（3）： 911-920.
	WU J W， YIN X C， NING J T. Revocable aggregate signature authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks ［J］. Journal of Computer Applications， 2022， 42（3）： 911-920.
9	NATH H J， CHOUDHURY H. A privacy-preserving mutual authentication scheme for group communication in VANET ［J］. Computer Communications， 2022， 192（C）： 357-372. 10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.024
10	SAPALA T， PENUMALLU R C S R， KIRAN R S， et al. A survey on VANET attacks and its security mechanisms ［C］// Proceedings of the 2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel， Distributed and Grid Computing. Piscataway： IEEE， 2022： 435-440. 10.1109/pdgc56933.2022.10053295
11	朱栋，殷新春，宁建廷.车联网中具有强隐私保护的无证书签名方案［J］.计算机应用， 2022， 42（10）： 3091-3101. 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021091630
	ZHU D， YIN X C， NING J T. Certificateless signature scheme with strong privacy protection for internet of vehicles ［J］. Journal of Computer Applications， 2022， 42（10）： 3091-3101. 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021091630
12	SIREESHA K， MALLADI S. A survey of VANET security models and its issues on node level data transmission ［C］// Proceedings of the 2022 Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy. Piscataway： IEEE， 2022： 1409-1417. 10.1109/icais53314.2022.9742751
13	GUPTA M， GERA P， MISHRA B. CPAAS： An efficient conditional privacy-preservation anonymous authentication scheme using signcryption in VANET ［J］. International Journal of Vehicle Information and Communication Systems， 2021， 6（1）： 88-105. 10.1504/ijvics.2021.10035873
14	CAI Y， ZHANG H， FANG Y. A conditional privacy protection scheme based on ring signcryption for vehicular ad hoc network ［J］. IEEE Internet of Things Journal， 2020， 8（1）： 647-656. 10.1109/jiot.2020.3037252
15	GUO R， XU L， LI X， et al. An efficient certificateless ring signcryption scheme with conditional privacy-preserving in VANETs ［J］. Journal of Systems Architecture， 2022， 129： 102633. 10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102633
16	CUI N， MU H. Conditional privacy protection scheme based on blockchain and ring signcryption in VANET ［J］. Journal of Computers， 2022， 33（2）： 177-188. 10.53106/199115992022043302016
17	YANG X， WANG W， WANG C. Security analysis and improvement of a privacy-preserving authentication scheme in VANET ［J］. International Journal of Information Security， 2022， 21： 1361-1371. 10.1007/s10207-022-00617-3
18	REN J， CHENG Y， XU S. EDPPA： An efficient distance-based privacy preserving authentication protocol in VANET ［J］. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications， 2022， 15： 1385-1397. 10.1007/s12083-022-01297-5
19	SHOR P W. Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer ［J］. SIAM Journal on Computing， 1997， 26（5）： 1484-1509. 10.1137/s0097539795293172
20	WANG F， HU Y， WANG C. Post-quantum secure hybrid signcryption from lattice assumption ［J］. Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences， 2012， 6（1）： 23-28.
21	LI F， YU S， LI G， et al. Intelligent federated learning on lattice-based efficient heterogeneous signcryption ［J］. International Journal of Intelligent Systems， 2022， 37（11）： 9480-9507. 10.1002/int.23007
22	ZHU H， WANG Y， WANG C， et al. An efficient identity-based proxy signcryption using lattice ［J］. Future Generation Computer Systems， 2021， 117： 321-327. 10.1016/j.future.2020.11.025
23	LE H Q， DUONG D H， ROY P S， et al. Lattice-based signcryption with equality test in standard model ［J］. Computer Standards & Interfaces， 2021， 76： 103515. 10.1016/j.csi.2021.103515
24	YU H， BAI L. Post-quantum blind signcryption scheme from lattice ［J］. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering， 2021， 22： 891-901. 10.1631/fitee.2000099
25	刘镇，韩益亮，杨晓元，等.基于RLWE的可证明安全无陷门签密方案［J］.通信学报， 2020， 41（6）： 14-25. 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020093
	LIU Z， HAN Y L， YANG X Y， et al. Provable security signcryption scheme based on RLWE without trapdoor ［J］. Journal on Communications， 2020， 41（6）： 14-25. 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020093
26	LEE S， KIM Y. Implementation of modular subtraction unit for ntt-based polynomial multiplier ［C］// Proceedings of the 2020 International SoC Design Conference. Piscataway： IEEE， 2020： 284-285. 10.1109/isocc50952.2020.9332926
27	MALONE-LEE J. Identity-based signcryption ［EB/OL］. ［2023-01-05］. . 10.1007/978-3-540-30580-4_25
28	RAWAL S， PADHYE S， HE D. Lattice-based undeniable signature scheme ［J］. Annals of Telecommunications， 2022， 77： 119-126. 10.1007/s12243-021-00843-1
29	崔永泉，曹玲，张小宇，等.格基环签名的车联网隐私保护［J］.计算机学报， 2019， 42（5）： 980-992. 10.11897/SP.J.1016.2019.00980
	CUI Y Q， CAO L， ZHANG X Y， et al. Ring signature based on lattice and VANET privacy preservation ［J］. Chinese Journal of Computers， 2019， 42（5）： 980-992. 10.11897/SP.J.1016.2019.00980

[1]	Jinbo LI, Ping ZHANG, Ji ZHANG, Muhua LIU. Identity-based ring signature scheme on number theory research unit lattice [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(9): 2798-2805.
[2]	Mengjie LAN, Jianping CAI, Lan SUN. Self-regularization optimization methods for Non-IID data in federated learning [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(7): 2073-2081.
[3]	Wanzhen CHEN, En ZHANG, Leiyong QIN, Shuangxi HONG. Privacy-preserving federated learning algorithm based on blockchain in edge computing [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(7): 2209-2216.
[4]	Songbai LAN, Fangxiao LI, Leyi SHI. CFL-based authentication and communication scheme for industrial control system [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(4): 1183-1190.
[5]	Teng WANG, Zheng HUO, Yaxin HUANG, Yilin FAN. Review on privacy-preserving technologies in federated learning [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(2): 437-449.
[6]	Xuejian ZHAO, Hao LI, Haotian TANG. Recommendation rating prediction algorithm based on user interest concept lattice reduction [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(11): 3340-3345.
[7]	Changgeng LIU, Yali LIU, Qipeng LU, Tao LI, Changlu LIN, Yi ZHU. Vehicle RKE two-factor authentication protocol resistant to physical cloning attack [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(11): 3375-3384.
[8]	Guishuang XU, Xinchun YIN. Certificateless conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANET [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(11): 3358-3367.
[9]	NONG Qiang, ZHANG Bangbang, OUYANG Yuhao. Lattice-based hierarchical certificateless proxy signature scheme [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(1): 154-159.
[10]	Yangnan GUO, Wenbao JIANG, Shuai YE. Supervisable blockchain anonymous transaction system model [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(9): 2757-2764.
[11]	Hongliang TIAN, Jiayue WANG, Chenxi LI. Data storage scheme based on hybrid algorithm blockchain and node identity authentication [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(8): 2481-2486.
[12]	Jie ZHANG, Shanshan XU, Lingyun YUAN. Internet of things access control model based on blockchain and edge computing [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(7): 2104-2111.
[13]	Jingwen WU, Xinchun YIN, Jianting NING. Traceable and revocable multi-authority attribute-based encryption scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(6): 1695-1701.
[14]	Jingwen WU, Xinchun YIN, Jianting NING. Revocable aggregate signature authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(3): 911-920.
[15]	Zhonghui LIU, Ziyou WANG, Fan MIN. Genetic algorithm for approximate concept generation and its recommendation application [J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2022, 42(2): 412-418.

Authenticatable privacy-preserving scheme based on signcryption from lattice for vehicular ad hoc network

车载自组织网络中格基签密的可认证隐私保护方案

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 29

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics