Privacy-preserving random consensus asset cross-chain scheme

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024020235

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 497-505.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024020235

• Cyber security • Previous Articles

Privacy-preserving random consensus asset cross-chain scheme

Baoyin WANG¹, Hongmei XUE¹, Qilie LIU¹^,², Tao GUO³()

^1.School of Information and Electrical Engineering，Hebei University of Engineering，Handan Hebei 056038，China
^2.School of Communication and Information Engineering，Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications，Chongqing 400065，China
^3.School of Computer Science and Technology，Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications，Chongqing 400065，China

Received:2024-03-05 Revised:2024-05-11 Accepted:2024-05-27 Online:2024-07-19 Published:2025-02-10
Contact: Tao GUO
About author:WANG Baoyin， born in 1999， M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain， cryptography.
XUE Hongmei， born in 1976， M. S.， associate professor. Her research interests include blockchain， big data， computer monitoring and control.
LIU Qilie， born in 1974， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include blockchain， big data， wireless sensor network.
Supported by:
Key Project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation （Joint） Fund(2024NSCQ-LZX0169);Innovative Talents Project for Doctoral students of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(BYJS202312)

基于隐私保护的随机共识资产跨链方案

王宝银¹, 薛红梅¹, 刘期烈¹^,², 郭涛³()

^1.河北工程大学信息与电气工程学院，河北邯郸 056038
^2.重庆邮电大学通信与信息工程学院，重庆 400065
^3.重庆邮电大学计算机科学与技术学院，重庆 400065

通讯作者: 郭涛
作者简介:王宝银（1999—），男，河北承德人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、密码学
薛红梅（1976—），女，河北邯郸人，副教授，硕士，主要研究方向：区块链、大数据、计算机监测与控制
刘期烈（1974—），男，四川隆昌人，教授，博士生导师，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、大数据、无线传感器网络；
基金资助:
重庆市自然科学基金（联合）重点项目(2024NSCQ?LZX0169);重庆邮电大学博士研究生创新人才项目(BYJS202312)

Abstract

Abstract:

With the ecological conversion from single-chain collaboration to multi-chain expansion in blockchain， cross-chain technology becomes key path for driving application innovation and enhancing system capabilities. However， the absence of a unified identity authentication scheme in distributed ledgers with multi-chain architecture may pose potential privacy risks during asset cross-chain transactions. In response， a privacy-preserving random consensus asset cross-chain scheme was proposed. In the proposed scheme， the Random Notary Multiple Signature （RNMS） architecture-based cross-chain model was introduced， and secure negotiation of shared keys by the two parties of transaction was insured through the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman （ECDH） key negotiation algorithm. Furthermore， considering the intermediate trust problem， an algorithm for random notary selection based on enhanced Algorand approach was designed. In this algorithm， the roulette-style labeling method for random notary selection was improved to a verifiable pseudo-random method， thereby reducing the risks associated with pseudo-random selection and ensuring the security and decentralization of cross-chain interactions. After that， Byzantine Agreement （BA） was improved to reduce the communication cost of consensus， and algorithmic simulations on BFT simulation platform were performed. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to Algorand algorithm， the proposed scheme achieves higher node privacy verification， enhances cross-chain message consensus efficiency by 89%， and reduces node message communication cost by 80% through notary mechanism verification. The above show that the proposed scheme can improve cross-chain security effectively.

Key words: asset exchange, privacy protection, key negotiation, random consensus, notary mechanism

摘要：

随着区块链单链协同向多链扩张的生态转化，跨链技术正在成为推动应用创新和增强系统能力的关键途径。然而，多链架构的分布式账本缺乏统一的身份认证方案，导致在资产跨链交易过程中可能面临隐私保护问题。因此，提出一种基于隐私保护的随机共识资产跨链方案。该方案引入随机公证人多签（RNMS）架构的跨链模型，并通过椭圆曲线迪菲-赫尔曼（ECDH）密钥协商算法来确保交易双方能够安全地协商共享密钥。此外，考虑到中间信任问题，设计一种基于改进Algorand的随机公证人选取算法，将该算法的轮盘式标号随机选取公证人的方式改进为可验证的伪随机方式，以降低伪随机选取风险，并确保跨链交互的安全性和去中心化。通过改进拜占庭协议（BA）降低共识的通信代价，进行BFT-Simulation平台算法仿真实验。实验结果表明：相较于Algorand算法，所提方案的验证节点私密性更高，跨链消息共识效率提高了89%，且用公证人机制验证让节点消息通信量减少了80%，可有效提高跨链安全性。

关键词: 资产交互, 隐私保护, 密钥协商, 随机共识, 公证人机制

CLC Number:

TP309.2

Baoyin WANG, Hongmei XUE, Qilie LIU, Tao GUO. Privacy-preserving random consensus asset cross-chain scheme[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(2): 497-505.

王宝银, 薛红梅, 刘期烈, 郭涛. 基于隐私保护的随机共识资产跨链方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2025, 45(2): 497-505.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 Structure of RNMS model

Tab. 1 Description of key negotiation symbols

符号	含义
Sk_a	用户Alice的私钥
Pk_a	用户Alice的公钥
PK_*	跨链目的地址
Cpk	密钥交换端服务端身份标识
Csk	密钥交换服务端私钥
AY/BY	Alice与Bob的中间密钥
K*	交换后的密钥
H（）	哈希映射函数

Fig. 2 Key negotiation process

Fig. 3 System behavior flow

Fig. 4 Consensus flow

Tab. 2 Description of immediate consensus symbols

符号	含义
Seed	交易参数种子
Pk/Prk	公证人公钥、私钥
i	参数的层级
SIGi	公证人签名参数
ri	交易的轮数
P	公证人选取条件
Ni/Ns	待选公证人/被选中公证人
CRi/CR^	公证人i的证明/证明集合
cri	最高优先级公证人
vi/ $v i'$	对于消息vi共识后下一轮要广播的消息定义为 $v i'$
n（vi）	消息vi数目
t	达成共识满足n（vi）>2t+1
Outi/bi	二元输出0或1
$v i, g i$	消息 $v i$ 的可信度 $g i$
#1i（0）	第1步公证人i收到0的数

Tab. 2 Description of immediate consensus symbols

符号	含义
Seed	交易参数种子
Pk/Prk	公证人公钥、私钥
i	参数的层级
SIGi	公证人签名参数
ri	交易的轮数
P	公证人选取条件
Ni/Ns	待选公证人/被选中公证人
CRi/CR^	公证人i的证明/证明集合
cri	最高优先级公证人
vi/ $v i'$	对于消息vi共识后下一轮要广播的消息定义为 $v i'$
n（vi）	消息vi数目
t	达成共识满足n（vi）>2t+1
Outi/bi	二元输出0或1
$v i, g i$	消息 $v i$ 的可信度 $g i$
#1i（0）	第1步公证人i收到0的数

Fig. 5 User key exchange delay

Tab. 3 Parameter configuration

参数名称	参数值
有限域GF素数M	74
有限域GF扩展度k	233
基点x坐标xG	0fac9dfcbac8313bb2139f1bb755fe f65bc391f8b36f8f8eb7371fd558b
基点y坐标yG	1006a08a41903350678e58528beb f8a0beff867a7ca36716f7e01f81052
椭圆方程系数A2	1
椭圆方程系数A6	066647ede6c332c7f8c0923bb5821 3b333b20e9ce4281fe115f7d8f90ad

Tab. 4 Comparison of total delay of key exchange and key pair generation

方案	时延	方案	时延
文献［12］方案	0.522	文献［17］方案	0.145
文献［16］方案	1.103	本文方案	0.086

Fig. 6 Consensus time with initial delay 0.2 - 0.5 s

Fig. 7 Maximum， minimum， and average consensus time of SAMPLE50-500

Fig. 8 Number of three-stage message exchanges

Fig. 9 Influence of malicious nodes， network speed， and total number of nodes on efficiency improvement

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Privacy-preserving random consensus asset cross-chain scheme

基于隐私保护的随机共识资产跨链方案

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