Abstract: In the existing clustering routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the election of cluster head nodes in monitoring area is unevenly distributed. A Heterogeneous Node Distribution Clustering Routing Algorithm (HNDCRA) was put forward, in which the election probability of the cluster heads was controlled by the number of the distributed nodes in local area. The detection area of sensor network was divided into squared grids, and the distribution of the sensor nodes in the grids was computed to determine the election probability of the nodes. This could ensure that each grid would have cluster head and the nodes in grid with more nodes that would have bigger election probability, which made the cluster heads have uniform distribution to balance the energy consumption. The performance analysis and simulation experiments show that, compared with the classical LEACH protocol, HNDCRA can evenly distribute cluster heads to the network area, balance energy consumption of entire network distribution, improve the energy utilization, thus prolonging network life time.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), local nodes distribution, cluster heads election, routing algorithm

摘要： 针对无线传感器网络(WSN)现有分簇路由协议中选举的簇头节点在监测区域内分布不均的问题，提出一种基于局部区域传感器网络节点分布数量控制簇头节点选举概率的算法HNDCRA。该算法通过对传感器网络检测区域的网格划分，计算出网格局部区域的传感器节点分布，并以此为依据确定传感器节点当选簇头的概率，来保证选举后每个网格都有簇头节点，且节点数量多的区域节点当选簇头概率较大，使得簇头随节点分布密度“均匀”，达到能耗均衡的目的。性能分析和仿真实验表明，与经典的LEACH协议相比，HNDCRA能够更好地将簇头“均匀”分布到网络区域，均衡全网能耗分布，提高能量利用率，从而延长网络生存时间。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 局部节点分布, 簇头选举, 路由算法