Reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted videos based on vector histogram shifting

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2018071604

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 756-762.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2018071604

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Reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted videos based on vector histogram shifting

NIU Ke^1,2, ZHANG Shuo³, YANG Xiaoyuan^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force(Engineering University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force), Xi'an Shaanxi 710086, China;
2. College of Cryptographic Engineering, Engineering University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Xi'an Shaanxi 710086, China;
3. College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710106, China

Received:2018-08-02 Revised:2018-09-19 Online:2019-03-11 Published:2019-03-10
Contact: 杨晓元
Supported by:
This work is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2017JM6113).

基于矢量直方图迁移的视频加密域可逆隐写方案

钮可^1,2, 张硕³, 杨晓元^1,2

1. 网络与信息安全武警部队重点实验室(武警工程大学), 西安 710086;
2. 武警工程大学密码工程学院, 西安 710086;
3. 国防科技大学信息通信学院, 西安 710106

作者简介:钮可(1981-),男,浙江湖州人,副教授,博士研究生,主要研究方向:信息隐藏、多媒体安全;张硕(1988-),女,山东日照人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:军事通信、信息隐藏;杨晓元(1959-),男,湖南湘潭人,教授,博士生导师,硕士,主要研究方向:信息安全、密码学。
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基金资助项目（2017JM6113）。

Abstract

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low embedding capacity and poor invisibility in compressed domain video hiding algorithm, a reversible steganography scheme for H.264/AVC encryption domain was proposed. Firstly, the reference frame interval parameter was determined by the embedded capacity and the carrier size, and whether the cover was encrypted was determined by the need. Then, an embedded key was generated according to the number of video frames to be embedded. Finally, the reversible information embedding on motion vector was realized by the vector histogram shifting in the compressed video. The proposed scheme overcame the distortion accumulation effect due to motion vector modification by specifying a decoding reference frame and is compatible with motion vector-based video encryption algorithms. Video decryption and information extraction depend on the decryption key and the embedded key respectively, which are separated from each other. The information can be extracted in the video ciphertext domain or the decrypted plaintext domain and has no influence on video cover recovery. As security of the information depends on the embedded key, the length of the key can be controlled as needed with the maximum length equal to the number of frames in which the information can be embedded. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has low computational complexity and high security, and can adjust capacity and invisibility according to embedded load. Compared with BCH code reversible embedding scheme, the PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) value increases by 3 to 5 dB and the average embedded capacity increases by 5 to 10 times.

Key words: reversible video hiding, encryption domain video, H.264/AVC coding, vector histogram shifting, reference frame modification

摘要： 针对压缩域视频隐藏算法嵌入容量低、不可见性差的问题，提出了一种H.264/AVC加密域的可逆隐写方案。首先由嵌入容量和载体大小决定参考帧间隔参数，并根据需要决定是否对载体进行加密；然后，根据待嵌视频帧数生成嵌入密钥；最后通过压缩视频中矢量直方图迁移，实现运动矢量上的可逆信息嵌入。所提方案通过指定解码参考帧，克服了由于运动矢量修改而造成的失真累加效应。所提方案兼容基于运动矢量的视频加密算法，视频的解密和信息提取分别依赖解密密钥和嵌入密钥，两者之间相互分离，在视频密文域或者解密后的明文域中均能提取信息并无损恢复视频载体。信息的安全性依赖于嵌入密钥，密钥长度可以根据需要控制，最大长度等于可嵌入信息的帧数。实验表明该方案计算复杂度低，安全度高，并可以根据嵌入负载调整容量和不可见性，与BCH码可逆嵌入方案相比PSNR值提高3~5 dB，平均嵌入容量增加5~10倍。

关键词: 可逆视频隐藏, 加密域视频, H.264/AVC编码, 矢量直方图迁移, 参考帧修改

CLC Number:

TP391.41

NIU Ke, ZHANG Shuo, YANG Xiaoyuan. Reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted videos based on vector histogram shifting[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2019, 39(3): 756-762.

钮可, 张硕, 杨晓元. 基于矢量直方图迁移的视频加密域可逆隐写方案[J]. 计算机应用, 2019, 39(3): 756-762.

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Reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted videos based on vector histogram shifting

基于矢量直方图迁移的视频加密域可逆隐写方案

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