Cross-domain handover authentication scheme for VANETs with vehicle type verification

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025080988

Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 2857-2866.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025080988

• Cyber security • Previous Articles

Cross-domain handover authentication scheme for VANETs with vehicle type verification

Yunlong WANG¹^,²^,³, Yali LIU¹^,²^,³(), Dongdong CHEN¹^,²^,³, Yi ZHOU¹^,²^,³, Xiaohui PANG¹^,²^,³

^1.School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science，Jiangsu Normal University，Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116，China
^2.State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology （Nanjing University），Nanjing Jiangsu 210023，China
^3.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security （Guilin University of Electronic Technology），Guilin Guangxi 541004，China

Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2025-10-30 Accepted:2025-11-07 Online:2025-11-17 Published:2026-09-10
Contact: Yali LIU
About author:WANG Yunlong， born in 2000， M. S. candidate. His research interests include vehicular ad-hoc network authentication， internet of things security.
LIU Yali， born in 1981， Ph. D.， professor. Her research interests include information security， authentication and privacy protection， blockchain， vehicular ad-hoc network， cryptographic algorithms and protocols.
CHEN Dongdong， born in 2000， M. S. candidate. His research interests include unmanned aerial vehicle authentication， internet of things security， privacy protection.
ZHOU Yi， born in 2000， M. S. candidate. His research interests include unmanned aerial vehicle authentication， internet of things security， cryptography.
PANG Xiaohui， born in 2001， M. S. candidate. His research interests include internet of vehicles security， authentication protocols， key agreement， privacy protection.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(61702237);Science and Technology Program of Xuzhou City(KC22052);Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University(KFKT2025B54);Program of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security(GCIS202114);Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Normal University(2024XKT2614);University-Industry Collaborative Education Program of Ministry of Education of China(202101374001)

支持车辆类型验证的车联网跨域切换认证方案

王云龙¹^,²^,³, 刘亚丽¹^,²^,³(), 陈东东¹^,²^,³, 周毅¹^,²^,³, 庞小辉¹^,²^,³

^1.江苏师范大学人工智能与计算机学院，江苏徐州 221116
^2.计算机软件新技术全国重点实验室（南京大学），南京 210023
^3.广西密码学与信息安全重点实验室（桂林电子科技大学），广西桂林 541004

通讯作者: 刘亚丽
作者简介:王云龙（2000—），男，江苏徐州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：车联网认证、物联网安全
刘亚丽（1981—），女，江苏徐州人，教授，博士，CCF高级会员，主要研究方向：信息安全、认证和隐私保护、区块链、车联网、密码算法和协议
陈东东（2000—），男，江苏宿迁人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：无人机认证、物联网安全、隐私保护
周毅（2000—），男，江苏徐州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：无人机认证、物联网安全、密码学
庞小辉（2001—），男，河南商丘人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：车联网安全、认证协议、密钥协商、隐私保护。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61702237);徐州市科技计划项目(KC22052);南京大学计算机软件新技术全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KFKT2025B54);广西密码学与信息安全重点实验室研究课题(GCIS202114);江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2024XKT2614);江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2025XKT1441);江苏师范大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(2025XKT1439);教育部产学合作协同育人基金资助项目(202101374001)

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems in cross-domain authentication for Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork （VANET）， which include the inability to distinguish vehicle types， low efficiency in authentication， and insufficient security， a Cross-domain Handover Authentication Scheme for VANETs with Vehicle Type Verification （CHAS-VTV） was proposed. In specific， in order to solve key escrow and complex certificate management problems while improving cross-domain authentication efficiency， a certificateless cross-domain authentication mechanism based on the certificateless public key cryptography system was proposed； concerning the classified cross-domain authentication of vehicles， a dynamic accumulator-based mechanism was proposed to store and verify vehicle types； in order to solve the problem of repeated authentication among vehicles and multiple RoadSide Units （RSUs）， a Hash-based Message Authentication Code （HMAC）-based handover authentication mechanism was proposed， which enabled efficient handover authentication and key negotiation among vehicles and multiple RSUs. Performance analysis results show that compared to the existing cross-domain handover authentication schemes for VANET， CHAS-VTV reduces computational cost by at least 3.87% and communication cost by at least 14.28% in cross-domain authentication， while in handover authentication， it reduces computational cost by at least 18.09% and communication cost by at least 14.48%. Security analysis results show that CHAS-VTV scheme can resist various malicious attacks effectively， which includes public key substitution attacks， private key leakage attacks， and forgery attacks.

Key words: Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET), authentication, cross-domain trust, privacy protection, dynamic accumulator

摘要：

针对车联网（VANET）跨域认证中无法区分车辆类型、认证效率低和安全性不足等问题，提出一种支持车辆类型验证的车联网跨域切换认证方案（CHAS-VTV）。针对密钥托管和证书管理复杂以及跨域认证效率低的问题，提出一种基于无证书公钥密码体系的无证书跨域认证机制；针对车辆分类型跨域认证的问题，设计一种基于动态累加器的车辆类型存储和验证机制；针对车辆与多个路边单元（RSU）重复认证的问题，设计一种基于哈希的消息验证码（HMAC）的切换认证机制，实现车辆与多个RSU的高效切换认证和密钥协商。性能分析结果表明，与现有的VANET跨域切换认证方案相比，CHAS-VTV在跨域认证中的计算开销至少降低了3.87%，通信开销至少降低了14.28%；在切换认证中的计算开销至少降低了18.09%，通信开销至少降低了14.48%。安全性分析结果表明，CHAS-VTV能有效抵抗公钥替换攻击、私钥泄露攻击、伪造攻击等多种恶意攻击。

关键词: 车联网, 身份认证, 跨域信任, 隐私保护, 动态累加器

CLC Number:

TP311.1

Yunlong WANG, Yali LIU, Dongdong CHEN, Yi ZHOU, Xiaohui PANG. Cross-domain handover authentication scheme for VANETs with vehicle type verification[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(9): 2857-2866.

王云龙, 刘亚丽, 陈东东, 周毅, 庞小辉. 支持车辆类型验证的车联网跨域切换认证方案[J]. 《计算机应用》唯一官方网站, 2026, 46(9): 2857-2866.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 System architecture

Tab. 1 Symbols and their meanings in CHAS-VTV

参数	含义
$G P$	加法循环群
P	循环群生成元
q	循环群的阶
${s k i, P K i}$	第i个RTA的公私钥对
${r s k i n, R P K i n}$	第n域中第i个RSU的公私钥
${v s k i a, V P K i a}$	车辆公私钥对
$F I D i a$ ， $R I D i a$	车辆假名，车辆真实身份
${E N C, D E C}$	非对称加解密
$H (⋅)$	哈希（SHA-256）
TK	切换认证密钥
$H M A C T K (⋅)$	基于哈希的消息验证码
$C i a$	第a个域中第i个车辆的类型
$L c$	动态累加器的累加值
$T i, i = 1,2, …, n$	时间戳
AS	车辆切换认证凭证
$Q I D i a$	车辆临时假名

Tab. 1 Symbols and their meanings in CHAS-VTV

参数	含义
$G P$	加法循环群
P	循环群生成元
q	循环群的阶
${s k i, P K i}$	第i个RTA的公私钥对
${r s k i n, R P K i n}$	第n域中第i个RSU的公私钥
${v s k i a, V P K i a}$	车辆公私钥对
$F I D i a$ ， $R I D i a$	车辆假名，车辆真实身份
${E N C, D E C}$	非对称加解密
$H (⋅)$	哈希（SHA-256）
TK	切换认证密钥
$H M A C T K (⋅)$	基于哈希的消息验证码
$C i a$	第a个域中第i个车辆的类型
$L c$	动态累加器的累加值
$T i, i = 1,2, …, n$	时间戳
AS	车辆切换认证凭证
$Q I D i a$	车辆临时假名

Fig. 2 Certification process of CHAS-VTV

Fig. 3 Flow of vehicle registration

Fig. 4 Flow of cross-domain authentication

Fig. 5 Flow of handover authentication

Tab. 2 Execution time of related cryptographic operations

含义	标识	执行时间/ms
哈希	T_h	0.000 6
椭圆曲线标量乘	T_em	0.171 5
椭圆曲线点加	T_ep	0.001 5
双线性配对标量乘	T_bpm	0.524 5
双线性配对标量加	T_bpa	0.001 6
双线性配对	T_bp	5.421 5
模幂运算	T_me	3.114 2
非对称加密	T_e	0.597 0
非对称解密	T_d	0.323 0

Tab. 3 Computational cost comparison of different schemes during cross-domain authentication and handover authentication phases

方案	跨域认证阶段		切换认证阶段
方案	操作	时间/ms	操作	时间/ms
文献［26］方案	9T_h+8T_me	24.919 3	5T_h+3T_me	9.345 6
文献［27］方案	17T_h+9T_em+2T_me	19.552 9	16T_h+6T_em+2T_me	6.247 0
文献［28］方案	11T_em+2T_bp+2T_bpa+3T_me	27.963 7	—	—
文献［29］方案	6T_em+12T_h	1.036 2	12T_em+22T_h	2.070 6
文献［30］方案	17T_em+13T_h+4T_d+T_e	2.171 5	9T_em+11T_h	1.543 5
文献［31］方案	1T_em+T_bp+2T_h+T_d	6.191 2	T_em+T_h+4T_d+T_e	2.061 1
CHAS-VTV	11T_em+4T_h+T_me+T_d+T_e	5.923 1	2T_em+2T_h+T_e+T_d	1.264 2

Fig. 6 Computational cost comparison of different schemes during authentication phase with varying deployment densities of RSUs

Tab. 4 Communication cost comparison of different schemes during cross-domain authentication and handover authentication phases

方案	不同阶段的通信开销/bit
方案	跨域认证	切换认证
文献［26］方案	3 392	3 216
文献［27］方案	1 728	3 328
文献［28］方案	3 872	—
文献［29］方案	2 144	3 616
文献［30］方案	1 568	3 392
文献［31］方案	1 824	2 856
CHAS-VTV	1 344	2 528

Fig. 7 Communication cost comparison of different schemes during authentication phase with varying authentication numbers

Tab. 5 Storage cost comparison of different schemes on vehicle and RSU sides

方案	不同部署位置的存储开销/bit
方案	车辆	RSU
文献［26］方案	2 024	1 012
文献［27］方案	1 280	1 568
文献［28］方案	768	1 984
文献［29］方案	1 504	736
文献［30］方案	1 664	864
文献［31］方案	1 472	896
CHAS-VTV	1 792	928

Fig. 8 Storage cost comparison of different schemes with varying vehicle densities

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Cross-domain handover authentication scheme for VANETs with vehicle type verification

支持车辆类型验证的车联网跨域切换认证方案

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Figures/Tables 13

References 31

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