《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 2593-2601.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2022060893
收稿日期:2022-06-20
修回日期:2022-09-05
接受日期:2022-09-09
发布日期:2022-09-22
出版日期:2023-08-10
通讯作者:
陈金水
作者简介:黄学雨(1970—),男,江西赣州人,教授,博士,主要研究方向:企业信息化、智能工厂基金资助:
Xueyu HUANG1,2, Huaiyu HE1, Huimin LIN1, Jinshui CHEN3,4(
)
Received:2022-06-20
Revised:2022-09-05
Accepted:2022-09-09
Online:2022-09-22
Published:2023-08-10
Contact:
Jinshui CHEN
About author:HUANG Xueyu, born in 1970, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include enterprise informatization, smart factory.Supported by:摘要:
针对铜合金成分检测过程中产生的时滞问题,提出一种基于特征聚合的铜合金金相图分类识别方法。首先,在特征提取阶段,构建灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)和基于卷积注意力模块的残差网络(ResNet)模型分别提取图像的全局与局部特征;其次,在特征聚合阶段,将提取到的特征规范化后进行简单的级联;最后,在分类识别阶段,使用支持向量机(SVM)精确分类。实验结果表明,所提方法的准确率达到了98.963%、宏F1达到了98.996%,优于基于单特征的机器学习方法。可见,不同的方法提取的特征经过聚合后可以更全面地描述铜合金金相图的纹理及边缘信息,所提方法可以通过金相图识别不同铜合金,提升了识别的准确率,且具有良好的鲁棒性。
中图分类号:
黄学雨, 贺怀宇, 林慧敏, 陈金水. 基于特征聚合的铜合金金相图分类识别方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2023, 43(8): 2593-2601.
Xueyu HUANG, Huaiyu HE, Huimin LIN, Jinshui CHEN. Classification and recognition method of copper alloy metallograph based on feature aggregation[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2023, 43(8): 2593-2601.
| 数据集类型 | 不同成分的铜合金 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu-Cr-Zr | Cu-Fe | Cu-Fe-Cr | Cu-Fe-Mg | |
| 训练集 | 1 020 | 878 | 824 | 324 |
| 验证集 | 348 | 296 | 276 | 108 |
| 测试集 | 336 | 272 | 266 | 90 |
表1 预处理后的数据集分布情况
Tab. 1 Distribution of pre-processed dataset
| 数据集类型 | 不同成分的铜合金 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu-Cr-Zr | Cu-Fe | Cu-Fe-Cr | Cu-Fe-Mg | |
| 训练集 | 1 020 | 878 | 824 | 324 |
| 验证集 | 348 | 296 | 276 | 108 |
| 测试集 | 336 | 272 | 266 | 90 |
| 阶段 | 输出大小 | ResNet-CBAM |
|---|---|---|
| Stage0:Conv 1 | 224 | 3 |
| Stage1:CBMA | 224 | 1 1 |
| 224 | 7 | |
| Stage2:Conv2 | 224 | 3 |
| Stage3:Conv3 | 112 | |
| Stage4:Conv4 | 56 | |
| Stage5:Conv5 | 28 | |
| Stage6:CBMA | 28 | 1 1 |
| 28 | 7 | |
| Stage7 | 1 | Average pool,1 024 -d fc |
表2 ResNet-CBAM网络参数
Tab. 2 ResNet-CBAM network parameters
| 阶段 | 输出大小 | ResNet-CBAM |
|---|---|---|
| Stage0:Conv 1 | 224 | 3 |
| Stage1:CBMA | 224 | 1 1 |
| 224 | 7 | |
| Stage2:Conv2 | 224 | 3 |
| Stage3:Conv3 | 112 | |
| Stage4:Conv4 | 56 | |
| Stage5:Conv5 | 28 | |
| Stage6:CBMA | 28 | 1 1 |
| 28 | 7 | |
| Stage7 | 1 | Average pool,1 024 -d fc |
| 模型 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ResNet50 | 95.746 | 96.151 | 95.324 | 95.735 |
| ResNet101 | 96.784 | 97.025 | 97.375 | 97.199 |
| DenseNet121 | 97.925 | 98.213 | 98.325 | 98.162 |
| Xception | 96.887 | 97.174 | 96.875 | 97.024 |
| ResNet-CBAM | 97.510 | 97.525 | 97.662 | 97.662 |
表3 测试集上不同卷积神经网络模型的性能比较 (%)
Tab. 3 Performance comparison of different convolutional neural network models on test set
| 模型 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ResNet50 | 95.746 | 96.151 | 95.324 | 95.735 |
| ResNet101 | 96.784 | 97.025 | 97.375 | 97.199 |
| DenseNet121 | 97.925 | 98.213 | 98.325 | 98.162 |
| Xception | 96.887 | 97.174 | 96.875 | 97.024 |
| ResNet-CBAM | 97.510 | 97.525 | 97.662 | 97.662 |
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLCM-KNN | 81.327 | 81.988 | 79.831 | 79.995 |
| GLCM-DT | 73.236 | 73.804 | 72.788 | 73.144 |
| GLCM-SVM | 92.738 | 93.714 | 93.234 | 93.412 |
表4 测试集上基于GLCM的不同分类方法性能比较 (%)
Tab. 4 Performance comparison of different GLCM-based classification methods on test set
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLCM-KNN | 81.327 | 81.988 | 79.831 | 79.995 |
| GLCM-DT | 73.236 | 73.804 | 72.788 | 73.144 |
| GLCM-SVM | 92.738 | 93.714 | 93.234 | 93.412 |
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ResNet50-KNN | 98.237 | 97.893 | 97.362 | 97.617 |
| ResNet50-DT | 96.577 | 95.958 | 96.218 | 96.079 |
| ResNet50-SVM | 98.340 | 98.412 | 98.178 | 98.278 |
| ResNet101-KNN | 98.432 | 97.981 | 98.241 | 98.102 |
| ResNet101-DT | 97.303 | 97.141 | 97.692 | 97.379 |
| ResNet101-SVM | 98.651 | 98.114 | 98.235 | 98.171 |
| ResNet-CBAM-KNN | 98.651 | 98.635 | 98.483 | 98.552 |
| ResNet-CBAM-DT | 96.888 | 97.292 | 96.732 | 96.992 |
| ResNet-CBAM-SVM | 98.444 | 98.445 | 98.441 | 98.440 |
| DenseNet121-KNN | 98.548 | 98.313 | 98.313 | 98.408 |
| DenseNet121-DT | 96.058 | 95.374 | 96.266 | 95.732 |
| DenseNet121-SVM | 98.548 | 98.534 | 98.543 | 98.521 |
| Xception-KNN | 98.029 | 97.272 | 98.289 | 97.742 |
| Xception-DT | 96.680 | 96.450 | 95.893 | 96.130 |
| Xception-SVM | 98.029 | 97.644 | 98.300 | 97.950 |
表5 测试集上基于卷积特征的不同分类方法比较 (%)
Tab. 5 Comparison of different classification methods based on convolutional features on test set
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ResNet50-KNN | 98.237 | 97.893 | 97.362 | 97.617 |
| ResNet50-DT | 96.577 | 95.958 | 96.218 | 96.079 |
| ResNet50-SVM | 98.340 | 98.412 | 98.178 | 98.278 |
| ResNet101-KNN | 98.432 | 97.981 | 98.241 | 98.102 |
| ResNet101-DT | 97.303 | 97.141 | 97.692 | 97.379 |
| ResNet101-SVM | 98.651 | 98.114 | 98.235 | 98.171 |
| ResNet-CBAM-KNN | 98.651 | 98.635 | 98.483 | 98.552 |
| ResNet-CBAM-DT | 96.888 | 97.292 | 96.732 | 96.992 |
| ResNet-CBAM-SVM | 98.444 | 98.445 | 98.441 | 98.440 |
| DenseNet121-KNN | 98.548 | 98.313 | 98.313 | 98.408 |
| DenseNet121-DT | 96.058 | 95.374 | 96.266 | 95.732 |
| DenseNet121-SVM | 98.548 | 98.534 | 98.543 | 98.521 |
| Xception-KNN | 98.029 | 97.272 | 98.289 | 97.742 |
| Xception-DT | 96.680 | 96.450 | 95.893 | 96.130 |
| Xception-SVM | 98.029 | 97.644 | 98.300 | 97.950 |
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLCM+ResNet50-KNN | 98.237 | 97.760 | 97.706 | 97.732 |
| GLCM+ResNet50-DT | 97.822 | 97.495 | 97.538 | 97.506 |
| GLCM+ResNet50-SVM | 98.859 | 98.703 | 98.615 | 98.655 |
| GLCM+ResNet101-KNN | 98.444 | 98.449 | 98.513 | 98.475 |
| GLCM+ResNet101-DT | 96.058 | 95.426 | 95.823 | 95.580 |
| GLCM+ResNet101-SVM | 98.859 | 98.819 | 98.619 | 98.712 |
| GLCM+ResNet-CBAM-KNN | 98.652 | 98.055 | 98.853 | 98.441 |
| GLCM+ResNet-CBAM-DT | 96.992 | 97.401 | 97.005 | 97.182 |
| GLCM+ResNet-CBAM-SVM(本文方法) | 98.963 | 99.077 | 98.927 | 98.996 |
| GLCM+DenseNet121-KNN | 98.652 | 98.794 | 98.637 | 98.700 |
| GLCM+DenseNet121-DT | 95.954 | 96.498 | 96.394 | 96.361 |
| GLCM+DenseNet121-SVM | 98.963 | 98.832 | 98.895 | 98.856 |
| GLCM+Xception-KNN | 97.925 | 97.178 | 98.198 | 97.650 |
| GLCM+Xception-DT | 97.199 | 96.691 | 97.291 | 96.979 |
| GLCM+Xception-SVM | 98.029 | 97.644 | 98.300 | 97.950 |
表6 测试集上基于聚合特征的不同分类方法性能比较 ( %)
Tab. 6 Performance comparison of different classification methods based on aggregated features on test set
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLCM+ResNet50-KNN | 98.237 | 97.760 | 97.706 | 97.732 |
| GLCM+ResNet50-DT | 97.822 | 97.495 | 97.538 | 97.506 |
| GLCM+ResNet50-SVM | 98.859 | 98.703 | 98.615 | 98.655 |
| GLCM+ResNet101-KNN | 98.444 | 98.449 | 98.513 | 98.475 |
| GLCM+ResNet101-DT | 96.058 | 95.426 | 95.823 | 95.580 |
| GLCM+ResNet101-SVM | 98.859 | 98.819 | 98.619 | 98.712 |
| GLCM+ResNet-CBAM-KNN | 98.652 | 98.055 | 98.853 | 98.441 |
| GLCM+ResNet-CBAM-DT | 96.992 | 97.401 | 97.005 | 97.182 |
| GLCM+ResNet-CBAM-SVM(本文方法) | 98.963 | 99.077 | 98.927 | 98.996 |
| GLCM+DenseNet121-KNN | 98.652 | 98.794 | 98.637 | 98.700 |
| GLCM+DenseNet121-DT | 95.954 | 96.498 | 96.394 | 96.361 |
| GLCM+DenseNet121-SVM | 98.963 | 98.832 | 98.895 | 98.856 |
| GLCM+Xception-KNN | 97.925 | 97.178 | 98.198 | 97.650 |
| GLCM+Xception-DT | 97.199 | 96.691 | 97.291 | 96.979 |
| GLCM+Xception-SVM | 98.029 | 97.644 | 98.300 | 97.950 |
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 冻结全部卷积层权值 | 94.605 | 94.925 | 93.875 | 94.397 |
| 微调部分卷积层权值 | 94.605 | 95.175 | 93.925 | 94.545 |
表7 测试集上文献[11]中两种方法的性能比较 ( %)
Tab. 7 Performance comparison of two methods in literature [11] on test set
| 方法 | accuracy | macro-P | macro-R | macro-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 冻结全部卷积层权值 | 94.605 | 94.925 | 93.875 | 94.397 |
| 微调部分卷积层权值 | 94.605 | 95.175 | 93.925 | 94.545 |
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