《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 214-222.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2024010045
        
                    
            梁杰涛1, 罗兵1, 付兰慧1, 常青玲1, 李楠楠2, 易宁波3, 冯其4, 何鑫4, 邓辅秦1( )
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收稿日期:2024-01-17
									
				
											修回日期:2024-04-15
									
				
											接受日期:2024-04-15
									
				
											发布日期:2024-05-09
									
				
											出版日期:2025-01-10
									
				
			通讯作者:
					邓辅秦
							作者简介:梁杰涛(1999—),男,广东江门人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:点云配准;基金资助:
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Jietao LIANG1, Bing LUO1, Lanhui FU1, Qingling CHANG1, Nannan LI2, Ningbo YI3, Qi FENG4, Xin HE4, Fuqin DENG1( )
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Received:2024-01-17
									
				
											Revised:2024-04-15
									
				
											Accepted:2024-04-15
									
				
											Online:2024-05-09
									
				
											Published:2025-01-10
									
			Contact:
					Fuqin DENG   
							About author:LIANG Jietao, born in 1999, M. S. candidate. His research interests include point cloud registration.Supported by:摘要:
为了提高点云配准的精度、鲁棒性和泛化性,解决迭代最近点(ICP)算法容易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出一种基于坐标几何采样的深度最近点(GSDCP)的点云配准方法。首先,基于每个点的周围点的坐标估计中心点曲率,并通过曲率大小筛选出能保留点云几何特征的点,从而完成点云下采样;然后,使用动态图卷积神经网络(DGCNN)配合下采样点云学习融入局部几何信息的点云特征,并通过Transformer捕获两个特征嵌入之间的上下文信息、使用软指针近似组合匹配;最后,利用一个可微的奇异值分解(SVD)层估计最终的刚性变换。在数据集ModelNet40上进行的点云配准实验结果表明,与ICP、Go-ICP (Globally optimal ICP)、PointNetLK、快速全局配准(FGR)、ADGCNNLK (Attention Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network Lucas-Kanade)、深度最近点(DCP)和多特征引导网络(MFGNet)相比,在无噪声、有噪声和看不见点云类别的情况下GSDCP的配准精度和鲁棒性都最好;其中在无噪声的情况下,与MFGNet相比,GSDCP的旋转均方误差(MSE)降低了31.3%,平移MSE降低了58.3%;在有噪声的情况下, GSDCP的旋转MSE降低了33.9%,平移MSE降低了73.4%;在看不见点云类别的情况下, GSDCP的旋转MSE降低了57.7%,平移MSE降低了77.9%。除此之外,对不完整点云数据(包括随机遮挡和点云残缺),在点云完整度为75%以下时, GSDCP的旋转MSE降低了35.1%,平移MSE降低了39.8%。
中图分类号:
梁杰涛, 罗兵, 付兰慧, 常青玲, 李楠楠, 易宁波, 冯其, 何鑫, 邓辅秦. 基于坐标几何采样的点云配准方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2025, 45(1): 214-222.
Jietao LIANG, Bing LUO, Lanhui FU, Qingling CHANG, Nannan LI, Ningbo YI, Qi FENG, Xin HE, Fuqin DENG. Point cloud registration method based on coordinate geometric sampling[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2025, 45(1): 214-222.
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICP | 894.897 339 | 29.914 835 | 23.544 817 | 0.084 643 | 0.084 643 | 0.248 755 | 
| Go-ICP | 140.477 325 | 11.852 313 | 2.588 463 | 0.000 659 | 0.025 665 | 0.007 092 | 
| FGR | 87.661 491 | 9.362 772 | 1.999 290 | 0.000 194 | 0.013 939 | 0.002 839 | 
| PointNetLK | 227.870 331 | 15.095 374 | 4.225 304 | 0.000 487 | 0.022 065 | 0.005 404 | 
| ADGCNNLK | 61.045 283 | 7.813 148 | 2.854 556 | 0.000 283 | 0.016 822 | 0.004 146 | 
| DCP | 7.960 885 | 2.821 504 | 1.920 297 | 0.000 445 | 0.021 104 | 0.013 548 | 
| MFGNet | 2.829 443 | 1.682 095 | 1.134 576 | 0.000 283 | 0.016 835 | 0.002 513 | 
| GSDCP | 1.944 644 | 1.394 505 | 0.981 491 | 0.000 118 | 0.010 864 | 0.001 986 | 
表1 点云形状未知的测试结果
Tab. 1 Test results of unknown shape of point cloud
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICP | 894.897 339 | 29.914 835 | 23.544 817 | 0.084 643 | 0.084 643 | 0.248 755 | 
| Go-ICP | 140.477 325 | 11.852 313 | 2.588 463 | 0.000 659 | 0.025 665 | 0.007 092 | 
| FGR | 87.661 491 | 9.362 772 | 1.999 290 | 0.000 194 | 0.013 939 | 0.002 839 | 
| PointNetLK | 227.870 331 | 15.095 374 | 4.225 304 | 0.000 487 | 0.022 065 | 0.005 404 | 
| ADGCNNLK | 61.045 283 | 7.813 148 | 2.854 556 | 0.000 283 | 0.016 822 | 0.004 146 | 
| DCP | 7.960 885 | 2.821 504 | 1.920 297 | 0.000 445 | 0.021 104 | 0.013 548 | 
| MFGNet | 2.829 443 | 1.682 095 | 1.134 576 | 0.000 283 | 0.016 835 | 0.002 513 | 
| GSDCP | 1.944 644 | 1.394 505 | 0.981 491 | 0.000 118 | 0.010 864 | 0.001 986 | 
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICP | 892.601 135 | 29.876 431 | 23.626 110 | 0.086 005 | 0.293 266 | 0.251 916 | 
| Go-ICP | 192.258 636 | 13.865 736 | 2.914 169 | 0.000 491 | 0.022 154 | 0.006 219 | 
| FGR | 97.002 747 | 9.848 997 | 1.445 460 | 0.000 182 | 0.013 503 | 0.002 531 | 
| PointNetLK | 306.323 975 | 17.502 113 | 5.280 545 | 0.000 784 | 0.028 007 | 0.007 203 | 
| ADGCNNLK | 84.145 566 | 9.173 089 | 3.155 154 | 0.000 454 | 0.021 307 | 0.005 651 | 
| DCP | 10.030 007 | 3.167 019 | 2.014 827 | 0.000 520 | 0.022 814 | 0.013 855 | 
| MFGNet | 3.941 372 | 1.959 942 | 1.539 593 | 0.000 420 | 0.020 518 | 0.003 482 | 
| GSDCP | 1.667 429 | 1.291 290 | 0.919 080 | 0.000 093 | 0.009 659 | 0.002 361 | 
表2 点云类别未知的测试结果
Tab. 2 Test results of unknown category of point cloud
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICP | 892.601 135 | 29.876 431 | 23.626 110 | 0.086 005 | 0.293 266 | 0.251 916 | 
| Go-ICP | 192.258 636 | 13.865 736 | 2.914 169 | 0.000 491 | 0.022 154 | 0.006 219 | 
| FGR | 97.002 747 | 9.848 997 | 1.445 460 | 0.000 182 | 0.013 503 | 0.002 531 | 
| PointNetLK | 306.323 975 | 17.502 113 | 5.280 545 | 0.000 784 | 0.028 007 | 0.007 203 | 
| ADGCNNLK | 84.145 566 | 9.173 089 | 3.155 154 | 0.000 454 | 0.021 307 | 0.005 651 | 
| DCP | 10.030 007 | 3.167 019 | 2.014 827 | 0.000 520 | 0.022 814 | 0.013 855 | 
| MFGNet | 3.941 372 | 1.959 942 | 1.539 593 | 0.000 420 | 0.020 518 | 0.003 482 | 
| GSDCP | 1.667 429 | 1.291 290 | 0.919 080 | 0.000 093 | 0.009 659 | 0.002 361 | 
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICP | 882.564 209 | 29.707 983 | 23.557 217 | 0.084 537 | 0.290 752 | 0.249 092 | 
| Go-ICP | 131.182 495 | 11.453 493 | 2.534 873 | 0.000 531 | 0.023 051 | 0.004 192 | 
| FGR | 607.694 885 | 24.651 468 | 10.055 918 | 0.011 876 | 0.108 977 | 0.027 393 | 
| PointNetLK | 256.155 548 | 16.004 860 | 4.595 617 | 0.000 465 | 0.021 558 | 0.005 652 | 
| ADGCNNLK | 70.512 636 | 8.397 180 | 2.559 214 | 0.000 278 | 0.016 673 | 0.004 526 | 
| DCP | 48.509 663 | 6.964 888 | 4.855 263 | 0.003 790 | 0.061 565 | 0.043 154 | 
| MFGNet | 19.317 484 | 4.395 166 | 3.610 706 | 0.000 847 | 0.029 113 | 0.009 011 | 
| GSDCP | 12.772 079 | 3.573 805 | 2.557 062 | 0.000 225 | 0.015 000 | 0.001 812 | 
表3 在含有随机噪声的数据集上测试结果
Tab. 3 Test results on dataset containing random noise
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICP | 882.564 209 | 29.707 983 | 23.557 217 | 0.084 537 | 0.290 752 | 0.249 092 | 
| Go-ICP | 131.182 495 | 11.453 493 | 2.534 873 | 0.000 531 | 0.023 051 | 0.004 192 | 
| FGR | 607.694 885 | 24.651 468 | 10.055 918 | 0.011 876 | 0.108 977 | 0.027 393 | 
| PointNetLK | 256.155 548 | 16.004 860 | 4.595 617 | 0.000 465 | 0.021 558 | 0.005 652 | 
| ADGCNNLK | 70.512 636 | 8.397 180 | 2.559 214 | 0.000 278 | 0.016 673 | 0.004 526 | 
| DCP | 48.509 663 | 6.964 888 | 4.855 263 | 0.003 790 | 0.061 565 | 0.043 154 | 
| MFGNet | 19.317 484 | 4.395 166 | 3.610 706 | 0.000 847 | 0.029 113 | 0.009 011 | 
| GSDCP | 12.772 079 | 3.573 805 | 2.557 062 | 0.000 225 | 0.015 000 | 0.001 812 | 
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPS+PointNet | 76.249 426 | 8.732 091 | 5.929 955 | 0.005 915 | 0.076 911 | 0.053 945 | 
| GS+PointNet | 51.354 679 | 7.166 218 | 4.514 465 | 0.003 403 | 0.058 338 | 0.037 922 | 
| FPS+DGCNN | 7.960 885 | 2.821 504 | 1.920 297 | 0.000 445 | 0.021 104 | 0.013 548 | 
| GS+DGCNN | 1.944 644 | 1.394 505 | 0.981 491 | 0.000 118 | 0.010 864 | 0.001 986 | 
表4 消融实验测试结果
Tab. 4 Results of ablation experiments
| 模块 | MSE(R) | RMSE(R) | MAE(R) | MSE(t) | RMSE(t) | MAE(t) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPS+PointNet | 76.249 426 | 8.732 091 | 5.929 955 | 0.005 915 | 0.076 911 | 0.053 945 | 
| GS+PointNet | 51.354 679 | 7.166 218 | 4.514 465 | 0.003 403 | 0.058 338 | 0.037 922 | 
| FPS+DGCNN | 7.960 885 | 2.821 504 | 1.920 297 | 0.000 445 | 0.021 104 | 0.013 548 | 
| GS+DGCNN | 1.944 644 | 1.394 505 | 0.981 491 | 0.000 118 | 0.010 864 | 0.001 986 | 
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