基于反向射线追踪法的航向信标辐射性能分析

doi:10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025030380

《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 899-906.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025030380

基于反向射线追踪法的航向信标辐射性能分析

林欢¹, 康远鹏², 梁飞¹(), 杨正波¹, 施瑞¹, 景小荣²

^1.中国民用航空总局第二研究所，成都 610041
^2.重庆邮电大学通信与信息工程学院，重庆 400065

收稿日期:2025-04-14 修回日期:2025-05-09 接受日期:2025-05-13 发布日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2026-03-10
通讯作者: 梁飞
作者简介:林欢（1984—），女，四川内江人，副研究员，硕士，主要研究方向：民航无线电导航、智能化空管
康远鹏（1999—），男，湖北仙桃人，博士研究生，主要研究方向：无线通信
杨正波（1987—），男，四川绵阳人，助理研究员，硕士，主要研究方向：空管
施瑞（1995—），男，四川成都人，助理研究员，硕士，主要研究方向：空管
景小荣（1974—），男，甘肃平凉人，教授，博士，主要研究方向：无线传输。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB2604100);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB2604101);民航安全能力建设项目(民航局合同［2024］152号)

Radiation performance analysis of localizer based on backward ray-tracing method

Huan LIN¹, Yuanpeng KANG², Fei LIANG¹(), Zhengbo YANG¹, Rui SHI¹, Xiaorong JING²

^1.The Second Research Institute of CAAC，Chengdu Sichuan 610041，China
^2.School of Communication and Information Engineering，Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications，Chongqing 400065，China

Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2025-05-09 Accepted:2025-05-13 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2026-03-10
Contact: Fei LIANG
About author:LIN Huan， born in 1984， M. S.， associate research fellow. Her research interests include civil aviation radio navigation， intelligent air traffic management.
KANG Yuanpeng， born in 1999， Ph. D. candidate. His research interests include wireless communication.
YANG Zhengbo， born in 1987， M. S.， assistant research fellow. His research interests include air traffic control.
SHI Rui， born in 1995， M. S.， assistant research fellow. His research interests include air traffic control.
JING Xiaorong， born in 1974， Ph. D.， professor. His research interests include wireless transmission.
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2604100);Civil Aviation Administration of China Security Capability Project （Civil Aviation Administration Contract ［2024］ No. 152）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

仪表着陆系统（ILS）是保障飞行安全的关键导航设备，它的信号质量直接影响飞机的着陆精度与安全性。然而，机场周边日益复杂的电磁环境导致多径效应加剧，严重影响了ILS信号的可靠性与精度。因此，以航向信标（LOC）为研究对象，提出一种基于反向射线追踪法的信号传播路径分析方法。该方法通过建立机场环境的电磁传播模型，结合射线追踪与路径有效性判定规则，系统研究多径环境下ILS信号的传播特性；重点分析障碍物引起的信号反射与绕射效应对机载LOC接收信号调制度差（DDM）的影响。仿真实验结果表明：障碍物靠近跑道中线附近时，DDM会出现显著波动，最大抖动约为国际民用航空组织（ICAO）规定值的283.4%；而适当调整障碍物位置后，障碍物间存在遮挡以及障碍物与跑道中线距离增大，导致多径干扰衰减，DDM的波动幅度明显减小且满足ICAO规定的限制要求，最大抖动约为规定值的99.0%。以上验证了该方法可有效评估复杂机场环境中多径传播对ILS性能的影响。

关键词: 仪表着陆系统, 航向信标, 反向射线追踪法, 调制度差, 多径干扰

Abstract:

Instrument Landing System （ILS） is a critical navigation device for ensuring flight safety， whose signal quality affects the accuracy and safety of aircraft landing accuracy and safety directly. However， the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment around airports leads to more and more multipath effects， thereby impacting the reliability and precision of ILS signals significantly. Therefore， taking LOCalizer （LOC） as the research object， a signal propagation path analysis method based on backward ray-tracing method was proposed. In the method， by establishing an electromagnetic propagation model of the airport environment and incorporating ray-tracing and path validity determination rules， the propagation characteristics of ILS signals in multipath environments were investigated systematically. And the influence of signal reflection and diffraction effects caused by obstacles on the Difference in Depth of Modulation （DDM） of the airborne LOC receiving signals were particularly analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that when obstacles are near the runway centerline， DDM experiences significant fluctuations， with the maximum jitter reached 283.4% of the value specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization （ICAO） approximately. And after adjusting the obstacle positions appropriately， occlusions between obstacles and the increased distance between obstacles and the runway centerline lead to a reduction in multipath interference. As a result， the fluctuation of DDM decreases significantly and meets the ICAO’s prescribed limit， with the maximum jitter reached 99.0% of the specified value approximately. The above verifies that this method can assess the impact of multipath propagation on ILS performance in complex airport environments effectively.

Key words: Instrument Landing System (ILS), LOCalizer (LOC), backward ray-tracing method, Difference Depth of Modulation (DDM), multipath interference

中图分类号:

V249.3

林欢, 康远鹏, 梁飞, 杨正波, 施瑞, 景小荣. 基于反向射线追踪法的航向信标辐射性能分析[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(3): 899-906.

Huan LIN, Yuanpeng KANG, Fei LIANG, Zhengbo YANG, Rui SHI, Xiaorong JING. Radiation performance analysis of localizer based on backward ray-tracing method[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(3): 899-906.

图/表 11

图1 多径信号的示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of multipath signals

图2 障碍物间遮挡的示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of occlusion between obstacles

图3 绕射的示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of diffraction

图4 0和n表面的示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of surface 0 and n

图5 DDM的确定流程

Fig. 5 Flow for determination of DDM

表1 仿真参数设置

Tab. 1 Simulation parameter setting

参数	数值
天线相位中心高度	3 m
馈电功率	15 W
载波频率	110 MHz
飞机跑道规格（长×宽）	3 000 m×45 m
建筑物相对介电常数（铁质）	14.2

表2 12单元的LOC信号对应的馈电参数

Tab. 2 Feed parameters for 12-element LOC signals

天线编号	到中心距离/m	COU CSB		COU SBO		CLR CSB		CLR SBO
天线编号	到中心距离/m	幅度/V	相位/（°）	幅度/V	相位/（°）	幅度/V	相位/（°）	幅度/V	相位/（°）
1	-11.22	11.7	0	4.9	-90
2	-9.18	23.4	0	8.1	-90
3	-7.14	46.5	0	12.5	-90	20	180
4	-5.10	69.0	0	13.2	-90	10	180
5	-3.06	88.1	0	10.1	-90	50	180	11	-90
6	-1.02	100.0	0	3.8	-90	100	0	27	-90
7	1.02	100.0	0	3.8	90	100	0	27	90
8	3.06	88.1	0	10.1	90	50	180	11	90
9	5.10	69.0	0	13.2	90	10	180
10	7.14	46.5	0	12.5	90	20	180
11	9.18	23.4	0	8.1	90
12	11.22	11.7	0	4.9	90

表3 障碍物位置与参数

Tab. 3 Obstacle positions and parameters

障碍物序号	场景1位置坐标		场景2位置坐标		场景3位置坐标
障碍物序号	x	y	x	y	x	y
1	350	170	350	370	350	370
2	450	-200	450	-400	450	-400
3	500	190	500	390	500	470

图6 不同场景下的反射路径

Fig. 6 Reflection paths under different scenarios

图7 不同场景下的绕射路径

Fig. 7 Diffraction paths under different scenarios

图8 不同场景下的DDM结果

Fig. 8 DDM results under different scenarios

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基于反向射线追踪法的航向信标辐射性能分析

Radiation performance analysis of localizer based on backward ray-tracing method

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