《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1460-1467.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025050558
• 人工智能 • 上一篇
黄雨倩1,2,3, 黄辉1,2,3, 秦永彬1,2,3(
), 黄瑞章1,2,3, 陈艳平1,2,3, 周裕林1,2,3, 孙倩4
收稿日期:2025-05-21
修回日期:2025-06-16
接受日期:2025-06-26
发布日期:2025-07-10
出版日期:2026-05-10
通讯作者:
秦永彬
作者简介:黄雨倩(2001—),女,湖北武汉人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:自然语言处理、信息抽取基金资助:
Yuqian HUANG1,2,3, Hui HUANG1,2,3, Yongbin QIN1,2,3(
), Ruizhang HUANG1,2,3, Yanping CHEN1,2,3, Yulin ZHOU1,2,3, Qian SUN4
Received:2025-05-21
Revised:2025-06-16
Accepted:2025-06-26
Online:2025-07-10
Published:2026-05-10
Contact:
Yongbin QIN
About author:HUANG Yuqian, born in 2001, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include natural language processing, information extraction.Supported by:摘要:
司法领域的信息抽取是从司法文书中提取出细粒度的关键要素,可辅助司法工作者高效处理大量文书工作。然而,相较于通用领域,司法文书中的要素通常具有长度较长、语义分布广泛的特点,同时细粒度要求对局部细节的提取尤为严格。这使得模型不仅需要具备处理长距离依赖的能力,还需在局部范围内精准捕获细粒度的语义信息。针对该问题,提出一种融合全局和局部语义的司法要素抽取方法。首先,拼接要素标签与司法文书内容,并利用BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)模型进行深度嵌入。其次,引入自注意力机制增强模型对全局上下文的理解能力;同时,利用自适应多头注意力机制动态调节关注权重,确保能获取到更丰富且准确的语义特征。最后,结合二元交叉熵损失函数和高斯分布平滑边界的KL(Kullback-Leibler)散度损失函数,提升模型对要素边界识别的泛化能力。实验结果表明,与序列标注方法、跨度抽取方法及其他方法相比,所提方法在LAIC2023、CAIL2021司法要素抽取数据集上的F1值均有提升,其中在LAIC2023数据集上比次优模型DiffusionNER高2.88个百分点,在CAIL2021数据集上比次优的机器阅读理解(MRC)模型高1.01个百分点。
中图分类号:
黄雨倩, 黄辉, 秦永彬, 黄瑞章, 陈艳平, 周裕林, 孙倩. 融合全局和局部语义的司法要素抽取方法[J]. 计算机应用, 2026, 46(5): 1460-1467.
Yuqian HUANG, Hui HUANG, Yongbin QIN, Ruizhang HUANG, Yanping CHEN, Yulin ZHOU, Qian SUN. Judicial element extraction method by integrating global and local semantics[J]. Journal of Computer Applications, 2026, 46(5): 1460-1467.
| 数据集 | LAIC2023 | CAIL2021 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样本数 | 字符数 | 实体数 | 样本数 | 字符数 | 实体数 | |
| 训练集 | 1 088 | 1 718 490 | 5 365 | 4 197 | 268 004 | 21 326 |
| 测试集 | 136 | 221 600 | 725 | 525 | 34 158 | 2 726 |
| 验证集 | 136 | 204 453 | 720 | 525 | 32 848 | 2 609 |
表1 实验数据集
Tab. 1 Experimental datasets
| 数据集 | LAIC2023 | CAIL2021 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 样本数 | 字符数 | 实体数 | 样本数 | 字符数 | 实体数 | |
| 训练集 | 1 088 | 1 718 490 | 5 365 | 4 197 | 268 004 | 21 326 |
| 测试集 | 136 | 221 600 | 725 | 525 | 34 158 | 2 726 |
| 验证集 | 136 | 204 453 | 720 | 525 | 32 848 | 2 609 |
| 类型 | 方法 | LAIC2023 | CAIL2021 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | R | F1 | P | R | F1 | ||
| 基于序列标注的方法 | BERT-BiLSTM-CRF[ | 68.23 | 54.78 | 61.38 | 87.79 | 85.32 | 86.54 |
| Layered[ | 69.13 | 56.25 | 62.03 | 84.30 | 87.34 | 86.01 | |
| Pyramid[ | 71.58 | 55.49 | 62.52 | 88.76 | 87.13 | 87.18 | |
| 基于跨度的方法 | MRC[ | 70.58 | 56.37 | 62.68 | 89.15 | ||
| Boundary Smoothing[ | 70.61 | 55.83 | 62.36 | 87.14 | 86.12 | 86.63 | |
| DiffusionNER[ | 58.90 | 82.33 | 78.61 | 80.43 | |||
| BERT-BiLSTM-SPAN[ | 70.85 | 59.38 | 64.61 | 89.42 | 89.55 | ||
| 其他方法 | CodeIE[ | 52.27 | 53.64 | 52.95 | 50.53 | 55.96 | 53.11 |
| PromptNER[ | 54.38 | 55.69 | 55.03 | 56.52 | 57.91 | 57.21 | |
| Qwen-7b-chat[ | 56.37 | 57.94 | 57.14 | 53.94 | 63.33 | 58.26 | |
| Seq2seq[ | 62.52 | 61.70 | 83.16 | 87.83 | 85.43 | ||
| BiFlaG[ | 50.62 | 52.36 | 51.48 | 63.21 | 71.22 | 66.98 | |
| 基于跨度的方法 | 本文方法 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | 91.35 | 90.23 | 90.79 |
表2 不同数据集上各模型性能对比 ( %)
Tab. 2 Comparison of model performance across different datasets
| 类型 | 方法 | LAIC2023 | CAIL2021 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | R | F1 | P | R | F1 | ||
| 基于序列标注的方法 | BERT-BiLSTM-CRF[ | 68.23 | 54.78 | 61.38 | 87.79 | 85.32 | 86.54 |
| Layered[ | 69.13 | 56.25 | 62.03 | 84.30 | 87.34 | 86.01 | |
| Pyramid[ | 71.58 | 55.49 | 62.52 | 88.76 | 87.13 | 87.18 | |
| 基于跨度的方法 | MRC[ | 70.58 | 56.37 | 62.68 | 89.15 | ||
| Boundary Smoothing[ | 70.61 | 55.83 | 62.36 | 87.14 | 86.12 | 86.63 | |
| DiffusionNER[ | 58.90 | 82.33 | 78.61 | 80.43 | |||
| BERT-BiLSTM-SPAN[ | 70.85 | 59.38 | 64.61 | 89.42 | 89.55 | ||
| 其他方法 | CodeIE[ | 52.27 | 53.64 | 52.95 | 50.53 | 55.96 | 53.11 |
| PromptNER[ | 54.38 | 55.69 | 55.03 | 56.52 | 57.91 | 57.21 | |
| Qwen-7b-chat[ | 56.37 | 57.94 | 57.14 | 53.94 | 63.33 | 58.26 | |
| Seq2seq[ | 62.52 | 61.70 | 83.16 | 87.83 | 85.43 | ||
| BiFlaG[ | 50.62 | 52.36 | 51.48 | 63.21 | 71.22 | 66.98 | |
| 基于跨度的方法 | 本文方法 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | 91.35 | 90.23 | 90.79 |
| 数据集 | 方法 | P | R | F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAIC2023 | -联合嵌入 | 73.58 | 61.36 | 66.92 |
| -注意力特征融合 | 72.12 | 60.35 | 66.07 | |
| -KL散度损失 | 73.36 | 61.47 | 66.89 | |
| 本文模型 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | |
| CAIL2021 | -联合嵌入 | 90.24 | 89.63 | 89.93 |
| -注意力特征融合 | 88.91 | 89.03 | 88.97 | |
| -KL散度损失 | 89.42 | 90.33 | 89.87 | |
| 本文模型 | 91.35 | 90.23 | 90.79 |
表3 消融实验结果 ( %)
Tab. 3 Ablation experimental results
| 数据集 | 方法 | P | R | F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAIC2023 | -联合嵌入 | 73.58 | 61.36 | 66.92 |
| -注意力特征融合 | 72.12 | 60.35 | 66.07 | |
| -KL散度损失 | 73.36 | 61.47 | 66.89 | |
| 本文模型 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | |
| CAIL2021 | -联合嵌入 | 90.24 | 89.63 | 89.93 |
| -注意力特征融合 | 88.91 | 89.03 | 88.97 | |
| -KL散度损失 | 89.42 | 90.33 | 89.87 | |
| 本文模型 | 91.35 | 90.23 | 90.79 |
| 参数 | 取值 | P/% | R/% | F1/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | |
| 24 | 74.75 | 62.47 | 68.06 | |
| 46 | 74.48 | 62.13 | 67.75 | |
| 12 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | |
| 24 | 74.22 | 62.65 | 67.95 | |
| 46 | 74.11 | 62.16 | 67.61 |
表4 参数分析
Tab. 4 Parameter analysis
| 参数 | 取值 | P/% | R/% | F1/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | |
| 24 | 74.75 | 62.47 | 68.06 | |
| 46 | 74.48 | 62.13 | 67.75 | |
| 12 | 74.91 | 62.87 | 68.36 | |
| 24 | 74.22 | 62.65 | 67.95 | |
| 46 | 74.11 | 62.16 | 67.61 |
| 案例 | 微调Qwen-7b-chat模型抽取结果 | 本文模型 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | “未经商标注册所有人许可”:“假冒注册商标” | “商标种类=1”:“DANIELWELLINGTON” |
| “伪造、擅自制造 ”:“非法制造的注册商标标识” | “伪造、擅自制造 ”:“制作假冒” | |
| “伪造、擅自制造商标标识数量 ”:“134 800件” | “伪造、擅自制造商标标识数量”:“134 800件” | |
| “他人注册商标标识”:“DANIELWELLINGTON” | “他人注册商标标识”:“假冒注册商标DANIELWELLINGTON的包装盒” | |
| 2 | “销售”: “销售” | “销售”: “销售” |
| “假冒注册商标的商品”:“假冒苹果品牌的手机屏幕、耳机、充电器、手机壳等商品” | “假冒注册商标的商品”: “涉案苹果品牌的手机屏幕、耳机、充电器、手机壳” | |
| “销售金额”: “4.9万余元” | “销售金额”: “4.9万余元” | |
| “货值金额(未销售)”:“17.2万余元” | “货值金额(未销售)”: “17.2万余元” | |
| “故意”: “合伙经营深圳市钰创科技有限公司,对外销售涉案苹果品牌的手机屏幕、耳机、充电器、手机壳等商品” | “故意”: “其中被告人罗创越主要负责涉案苹果品牌的手机屏幕的进货及涉案苹果品牌的商品的对外销售,被告人邹裕炫负责涉案苹果品牌的耳机、充电器、手机壳等商品的进货” |
表5 案例分析
Tab. 5 Case study
| 案例 | 微调Qwen-7b-chat模型抽取结果 | 本文模型 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | “未经商标注册所有人许可”:“假冒注册商标” | “商标种类=1”:“DANIELWELLINGTON” |
| “伪造、擅自制造 ”:“非法制造的注册商标标识” | “伪造、擅自制造 ”:“制作假冒” | |
| “伪造、擅自制造商标标识数量 ”:“134 800件” | “伪造、擅自制造商标标识数量”:“134 800件” | |
| “他人注册商标标识”:“DANIELWELLINGTON” | “他人注册商标标识”:“假冒注册商标DANIELWELLINGTON的包装盒” | |
| 2 | “销售”: “销售” | “销售”: “销售” |
| “假冒注册商标的商品”:“假冒苹果品牌的手机屏幕、耳机、充电器、手机壳等商品” | “假冒注册商标的商品”: “涉案苹果品牌的手机屏幕、耳机、充电器、手机壳” | |
| “销售金额”: “4.9万余元” | “销售金额”: “4.9万余元” | |
| “货值金额(未销售)”:“17.2万余元” | “货值金额(未销售)”: “17.2万余元” | |
| “故意”: “合伙经营深圳市钰创科技有限公司,对外销售涉案苹果品牌的手机屏幕、耳机、充电器、手机壳等商品” | “故意”: “其中被告人罗创越主要负责涉案苹果品牌的手机屏幕的进货及涉案苹果品牌的商品的对外销售,被告人邹裕炫负责涉案苹果品牌的耳机、充电器、手机壳等商品的进货” |
| 模型 | F1/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 短要素 | 中要素 | 长要素 | |
| Pyramid | 62.86 | 57.67 | |
| DiffusionNER | 63.25 | ||
| Seq2seq | 62.52 | 63.74 | 55.75 |
| 本文模型 | 67.46 | 68.51 | 69.39 |
表6 不同粒度抽取效果分析
Tab. 6 Analysis of extraction effects at different granularities
| 模型 | F1/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 短要素 | 中要素 | 长要素 | |
| Pyramid | 62.86 | 57.67 | |
| DiffusionNER | 63.25 | ||
| Seq2seq | 62.52 | 63.74 | 55.75 |
| 本文模型 | 67.46 | 68.51 | 69.39 |
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