《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1182-1190.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025040492

• 网络空间安全 • 上一篇    

智能合约辅助下的隐蔽通信模型

佘维1,2, 程孔1,2, 张淑慧1,2, 马佳伟1,2, 齐晨虹3, 宰光军1,2()   

  1. 1.郑州大学 网络空间安全学院,郑州 450002
    2.郑州大学 郑州市区块链与数据智能重点实验室,郑州 450002
    3.中国铁路郑州局集团有限公司信息技术所,郑州 450052
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06 修回日期:2025-07-15 接受日期:2025-07-17 发布日期:2026-04-21 出版日期:2026-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 宰光军
  • 作者简介:佘维(1977—),男,湖南常德人,教授,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向:区块链、信息安全、智能系统
    程孔(2000—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:区块链隐蔽通信、区块链技术应用
    张淑慧(1999—),女,湖北襄阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:区块链、信息安全
    马佳伟(2000—),男,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:区块链、信息安全
    齐晨虹(1989—),女,河南郑州人,高级工程师,硕士,主要研究方向:数据安全管理、数据管理、信息化项目建设
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(31703-3);中国铁路郑州局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(RD2024W002)

Covert communication model assisted by smart contracts

Wei SHE1,2, Kong CHENG1,2, Shuhui ZHANG1,2, Jiawei MA1,2, Chenhong QI3, Guangjun ZAI1,2()   

  1. 1.School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450002,China
    2.Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Intelligence,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450002,China
    3.Institute of Information Technology,China Railway Zhengzhou Bureau Group Company Limited,Zhengzhou Henan 450002,China
  • Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-07-15 Accepted:2025-07-17 Online:2026-04-21 Published:2026-04-10
  • Contact: Guangjun ZAI
  • About author:SHE Wei, born in 1977, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include blockchain, information security, intelligent systems.
    CHENG Kong, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain covert communication, blockchain technology applications.
    ZHANG Shuhui, born in 1999, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain, information security.
    MA Jiawei, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain, information security.
    QI Chenhong, born in 1989, M. S., senior engineer. Her research interests include data security management, data management, informatization project construction.
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(31703-3);Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China Railway Zhengzhou Bureau Group Company Limited(RD2024W002)

摘要:

针对当前无痕区块链隐蔽通信技术存在的载体嵌入维度单一和网络生态污染风险等问题,提出一种基于智能合约的无痕隐蔽通信模型。该模型包含3种算法协同工作,可以深度挖掘智能合约操作码序列特征。首先,通信双方利用预处理算法重构合约操作码特征,构建三元组特征序列;其次,通过关联参数协助映射将二进制编码的原始消息隐写于重构序列中,产生可用于传输的二进制随机密钥,并结合自定义传输协议有效降低传输过程的密钥泄露风险;最后,接收方输入密钥逆向解析算法实现信息的精准还原。实验结果表明,所提模型具备每个合约平均5 042 bit的嵌入容量和6 MB/s的嵌入效率,并通过美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)测试与互信息量测试证明了所提模型生成密钥的随机性和生成的密钥与原始信息的无关联性。

关键词: 无痕隐蔽通信, 智能合约, 操作码, 序列特征重构, 随机性

Abstract:

In view of the problems in the current trace-free blockchain covert communication technology, such as the single dimension of carrier embedding and the risk of network ecological pollution, a trace-free covert communication model based on smart contracts was proposed. The proposed model is composed of three algorithms to work together and is able to explore characteristics of the smart contract opcode sequence deeply. Firstly, the preprocessing algorithm was used by both communicating parties to reconstruct the contract opcode characteristics and construct a triplet feature sequence. Secondly, the binary-coded original message was concealed in the reconstructed sequence through the associated parameter-assisted mapping, so as to generate a binary random key used for transmission. And, the risk of key leakage in the transmission process was reduced effectively by combining the custom transmission protocol. Finally, the key was input into the reverse parsing algorithm by the receiver to realize the accurate restoration of the information. Experimental results show that the proposed model has an average embedding capacity of 5 042 bits per contract and an embedding efficiency of 6 MB/s, and the randomness of the generated key and the irrelevance of the generated key to the original information are proved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test and the mutual information test.

Key words: trace-free covert communication, smart contract, opcode, sequence feature reconstruction, randomness

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