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基于合约调用掩盖下的区块链隐蔽通信方法

佘维1,2,3,4，马天祥1,4，冯海格3,4，田钊1,4，刘炜1,4*   

  1. 1. 郑州大学 网络空间安全学院 2. 嵩山实验室 3. 郑州大学 计算机与人工智能学院 4. 郑州市区块链与数据智能重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2024-11-09 发布日期:2025-01-13 出版日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘炜
  • 作者简介:佘维(1977—)，男，湖南常德人，教授，博士生导师，博士，CCF会员（NO.15394M），主要研究方向：区块链、信息安全、智能系统；马天祥(2000—)，男，河北衡水人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、信息安全；冯海格(2000—)，女，河南许昌人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：区块链、信息安全；田钊(1985—)，男，河南荥阳人，副教授，硕士生导师，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、信息安全、智慧交通；刘炜(1981—)，男，河南安阳人，副教授，博士生导师，博士，主要研究方向：区块链、信息安全、智慧医疗。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(31703-3)；嵩山实验室预研项目(YYYY022022003)

Blockchain covert communication method based on contract call concealment#br#
#br#

SHE Wei1,2,3,4, MA Tianxiang1,4, FENG Haige3,4, TIAN Zhao1,4, LIU Wei1,4   

  1. 1. School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University 2. SongShan Laboratory 3. School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University 4. Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Intelligence
  • Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2024-11-09 Online:2025-01-13 Published:2025-01-13
  • About author:SHE Wei, born in 1977, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include blockchain, information security, intelligent systems. MA Tianxiang, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain, information security. FENG Haige, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include blockchain, information security. TIAN Zhao, born in 1985, Ph. D., associate professor. His research interests include blockchain, information security, smart transportation. LIU Wei, born in 1981, Ph. D., associate professor. His research interests include blockchain, information security, smart healthcare.
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China (31703-3); Songshan Laboratory Pre-Research Project (YYYY022022003).

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摘要： 为了解决现有区块链隐蔽通信方案隐蔽性不足、提取隐蔽信息时间过长、隐藏容量较低、应用场景单一等问题，提出一种基于以太坊智能合约与星际文件系统技术的区块链隐蔽通信方法。首先使用星际文件系统存储较长的密文，通过链上链下联合存储弥补区块链存储效率低且成本高的缺点。其次引用派生关系和密码本的思想，实现秘密信息与通信信息的分离，上链的为密文hash的索引信息而非密文hash，进一步增强安全性。然后根据索引信息自定义适用的智能合约，将索引信息伪装成正常的合约调用参数，可以保证隐蔽性和安全性，且合约调用交易的数据字段存储容量较大，进一步提升交易的信息嵌入量。最后把群加密技术引入区块链隐蔽通信模型中,可很好地满足多用户的交互场景。实验结果表明，所提方法可进一步提高时间效率和信息嵌入量，极大地提升隐蔽性和安全性，能够适用于多接收用户的交互场景。

关键词: 隐蔽通信, 区块链, 以太坊, 智能合约, 派生关系, 群加密

Abstract: To address the issues of insufficient concealment, long extraction times for hidden information, low embedding intensity, and single application scenarios in existing blockchain covert communication schemes, a blockchain covert communication method based on Ethereum smart contracts and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology was proposed. Firstly, IPFS was used to store longer ciphertexts, and the combination of on-chain and off-chain storage compensates for the low efficiency and high cost of blockchain storage. Secondly, by adopting the concepts of derived relations and codebooks, the separation of secret information and communication information was achieved. The on-chain data was the index information of the ciphertext hash rather than the ciphertext hash itself, further enhancing security. Based on the index information, a suitable smart contract was customized. Thirdly, the index information was disguised as normal contract call parameters to ensure both concealment and security. Additionally, the large storage capacity of the data field in contract call transactions further increases the information embedding volume. Finally, introducing group encryption technology into the blockchain covert communication model can effectively meet the needs of multi-user interactive scenarios. Experimental results show that proposed method can further improve time efficiency and information embedding volume, greatly enhancing concealment and security, and can be applied to interactive scenarios with multiple receiving users.

Key words: covert communication, blockchain, Ethereum, smart contract, derivation relationship, group encryption

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