Journal of Computer Applications ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1604-1613.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2025050586

• Frontier and comprehensive applications • Previous Articles    

Construction and application of knowledge graph for fault diagnosis of key components of aviation equipment

Ronghui ZHAO, Chao DENG(), Zidong YU   

  1. School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China
  • Received:2025-05-28 Revised:2025-09-09 Accepted:2025-10-20 Online:2025-10-29 Published:2026-05-10
  • Contact: Chao DENG
  • About author:ZHAO Ronghui, born in 2002, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include knowledge graph, fault diagnosis.
    YU Zidong, born in 1999, Ph. D. candidate. His research interests include predictive health maintenance of machinery equipment.

面向航空装备关键零部件故障诊断的知识图谱构建与应用

赵荣慧, 邓超(), 余紫东   

  1. 华中科技大学 机械科学与工程学院,武汉 430074
  • 通讯作者: 邓超
  • 作者简介:赵荣慧(2002—),女,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:知识图谱、故障诊断
    余紫东(1999—),男,湖北武汉人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:机械装备的预测性维护。

Abstract:

In response to the problems of strong professionalism, low value density, scattered domain knowledge, and lack of effective integration and utilization methods in the fault data of key components of aviation equipment, driven by the demand for intelligent fault diagnosis, a knowledge graph was introduced to organize the knowledge contained in fault records for sharing and reuse, and the construction and application of fault knowledge graph were studied. Firstly, based on the analysis of prior fault knowledge and fault records, a hierarchical fault diagnosis knowledge ontology model for key components of aviation equipment was designed, which defined entity types and their relationship constraints, effectively avoiding unclear entity boundaries and laying the foundation for the structured representation of knowledge. Secondly, an improved knowledge extraction method based on set prediction, namely SPN-BiLSTM-CRF, was proposed to efficiently extract knowledge triple sets directly from unstructured Chinese fault records, and a knowledge graph of hydraulic piston pump faults was constructed using aircraft component hydraulic piston pump as an example. Finally, combined with the FP-Growth association rule mining algorithm, association rules among fault modes, fault causes, and fault states were extracted from the fault knowledge dataset, and fault diagnosis was realized on this basis. SPN-BiLSTM-CRF can effectively address the knowledge application problem in fault data and provide a knowledge-driven solution for intelligent operation and maintenance of aviation equipment.

Key words: knowledge graph, fault diagnosis, set prediction, association rule mining, aviation equipment

摘要:

针对航空装备关键零部件故障数据存在的专业性强、价值密度低、领域知识分散、缺乏有效整合利用方式等问题,以智能化故障诊断需求为驱动,引入知识图谱组织故障记录中蕴含的知识以便分享和重用,并研究故障知识图谱的构建和应用。首先,基于对先验故障知识和故障记录的分析,设计一种面向航空装备关键零部件的层次化故障诊断知识本体模型,该模型定义了实体类型及其关系约束,可有效避免实体边界不清楚的问题,为知识的结构化表示奠定基础;其次,提出一种改进的基于集合预测的知识抽取方法SPN-BiLSTM-CRF,直接从非结构化中文故障记录中高效抽取知识三元组集合,并以飞机部件液压柱塞泵为例构建液压柱塞泵故障知识图谱;最后,结合FP-Growth关联规则挖掘算法从故障知识数据集中提取故障模式与故障原因以及故障状态间的关联规则,并据此实现故障诊断。SPN-BiLSTM-CRF可有效解决故障数据的知识应用问题,为航空装备智能化运维提供知识驱动解决方案。

关键词: 知识图谱, 故障诊断, 集合预测, 关联规则挖掘, 航空装备

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