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基于投票和以太坊智能合约的云数据审计方案

黄河,金瑜   

  1. 武汉科技大学
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-31 修回日期:2023-10-06 发布日期:2023-10-26 出版日期:2023-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 黄河

Cloud Data Auditing Scheme Based on Voting and Ethereum Smart Contracts

  • Received:2023-07-31 Revised:2023-10-06 Online:2023-10-26 Published:2023-10-26

摘要: 确保云数据的完整性是亟待解决的安全挑战,受到广泛应用的区块链技术为应对该安全挑战提供了良好的解决方案。当前结合区块链和智能合约技术,并由矿工参与审计验证工作的方案存在审计效率低、通信开销大和数据拥有者(DO)审计负担重这三个缺陷。基于此,提出了一种基于投票的以太坊智能合约的云数据审计方案——CASVEC。首先,结合投票机制和智能合约技术在以太坊上设计并部署了去中心化自治组织(DAO),DAO中节点投票选举出一个审计节点代替矿工的审计验证工作,从而有效解决验证审计证明阶段效率低的问题,并且投票机制引入信誉值保证投票公平可靠。其次,仅使用少量链上资源存储审计结果以降低通信过程中的数据量,从而有效解决验证审计证明阶段通信开销大的问题。此外,DO仅需向DAO委托一次审计请求以及查询最终的审计结果,无需频繁调用智能合约交换审计相关信息,减轻了其审计负担。最后,从理论和实验角度验证了与当前基于区块链的云审计方案相比, CASVEC能够显著降低验证审计证明阶段的时间开销、验证审计证明阶段的通信开销和审计阶段DO的时间开销。

Abstract: Ensuring cloud data integrity has become a security challenge that needs to be solved immediately. Widely-utilized blockchain technology provides a suitable solution to deal with this security challenge. The existing schemes that enable miners to perform auditing validation work, which combines blockchain and smart contract technology, have three defects as low auditing efficiency, high communication overhead, and heavy auditing burden on Data Owner (DO). Therefore, a cloud data auditing scheme based on voting and Ethereum smart contracts was proposed, which called CASVEC. Firstly, a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) was designed and deployed on Ethereum by combining voting mechanism and smart contract technology. Nodes of DAO were responsible for voting to elect an auditing node to replace the auditing verification work of miners, so as to effectively solving defect of low efficiency in validation audit proof phase. Besides, the voting mechanism designed reputation value to ensure fairness and reliability of voting process. Secondly, only a few on-chain resources were used to store final auditing results in order to reduce data volume during communication process, thus effectively solving the problem of high communication overhead in validation audit proof phase. Furthermore, DO only needed to delegate one audit request and retrieved final audit result from DAO. In the above process, DO had no need to call smart contracts so frequently to exchange related information, lightening the auditing burden of DO. Finally, from the theoretical analysis and experimental result perspectives, it was verified that compared with current the blockchain-based cloud auditing schemes,CASVEC can significantly reduce time overhead of validation audit proof phase, communication overhead of validation audit proof phase, and time overhead of audit phase DO.

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