《计算机应用》唯一官方网站 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 3658-3668.DOI: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2023121818

• 2023 CCF中国区块链技术大会(CCF CBCC 2023) • 上一篇    下一篇

链上链下一致性保护技术综述

高婷婷1, 姚中原1(), 贾淼1, 斯雪明1,2   

  1. 1.中原工学院 前沿信息技术研究院,郑州 450007
    2.河南省区块链与数据共享国际联合实验室(中原工学院),郑州 450007
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-29 修回日期:2024-01-21 接受日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-04-19 出版日期:2024-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 姚中原
  • 作者简介:高婷婷(2000—),女,甘肃平凉人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:密码学、区块链
    贾淼(1999—),女,河南南阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:密码学、区块链
    斯雪明(1966—),男,浙江诸暨人,教授,博士,CCF会员,主要研究方向:密码学、区块链。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“区块链”专项(2023YFB2703600)

Overview of on-chain and off-chain consistency protection technologies

Tingting GAO1, Zhongyuan YAO1(), Miao JIA1, Xueming SI1,2   

  1. 1.The Frontier Information Technology Research Institute,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou Henan 450007,China
    2.Henan International Joint Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Sharing (Zhongyuan University of Technology),Zhengzhou Henan 450007,China
  • Received:2023-12-29 Revised:2024-01-21 Accepted:2024-01-25 Online:2024-04-19 Published:2024-12-10
  • Contact: Zhongyuan YAO
  • About author:GAO Tingting, born in 2000, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include cryptology, blockchain.
    JIA Miao, born in 1999, M. S. candidate. Her research interests include cryptology, blockchain.
    SI Xueming, born in 1966, Ph. D., professor. His research interests include cryptology, blockchain.
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program on Blockchain(2023YFB2703600)

摘要:

区块链不可篡改的特性保证了链上数据的一致性,而链下数据可能在记录、存储、传输的过程中遭到破坏,这会造成链上和链下数据不一致的问题,进而极大地影响区块链技术的落地发展;因此,需要一些机制保证链上链下数据的一致性。针对链上和链下数据不一致的问题,总结目前的一些链上链下一致性保护技术。首先,介绍链上链下一致性的基本概念,并指出一致性问题的重要性;其次,从预言机机制、数据完整性机制和链上链下数据协同机制这3个方面综述链上链下一致性保护技术,并对比分析一些链上链下一致性保护方案;最后,从3个方面展望链上链下一致性保护技术,为区块链从业者和研究者们进一步深入探讨和研究链上链下一致性保护方法提供理论参考,进而促进区块链应用的落地。

关键词: 区块链, 一致性, 预言机, 数据完整性, 链上链下数据协同

Abstract:

The immutable characteristic of blockchain ensures the consistency of on-chain data, but off-chain data may be destroyed in the process of recording, storage, and transmission, causing inconsistency between on-chain and off-chain data, which greatly affects the implementation and development of blockchain. Therefore, it requires some mechanisms to ensure the consistency between on-chain and off-chain data. In view of the problem of inconsistency between on-chain and off-chain data, some current on-chain and off-chain consistency protection technologies were summarized. Firstly, the basic concept of on-chain and off-chain consistency was introduced, and the importance of consistency was pointed out. Secondly, the technologies of on-chain and off-chain consistency protection were summed up from three aspects: oracle mechanism, data integrity mechanism and on-chain and off-chain data collaboration mechanism, and some on-chain and off-chain consistency protection schemes were compared and analyzed. Finally, the technologies of on-chain and off-chain consistency protection were prospected from three aspects, providing a theoretical reference for blockchain practitioners and researchers to further discuss and study the on-chain and off-chain consistency protection methods, which could promote the implementation of blockchain applications.

Key words: blockchain, consistency, oracle, data integrity, on-chain and off-chain data collaboration

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