关键词: 区块链, 物联网, 轻量化, hash函数, 共识算法, 存储

Abstract: Blockchain technology is used in the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its characteristics of decentralization and encryption, but the traditional blockchain is limited by problems such as poor scalability, high latency, high consumption of cryptographic components, complex consensus computing and large data storage scale in the IoT environment. In view of the poor performance of traditional blockchain in IoT devices, the lightweight technology of blockchain was reviewed. Firstly, the blockchain architecture was divided into a single-chain structure and a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structure, and the lightweight operations in the two types of blockchain architectures were compared. Secondly, the lightweight hash function was analyzed from the aspects of iterative structure, compression function and hardware implementation. Thirdly, the consensus algorithm and the lightweight scheme in storage were introduced. Finally, the design ideas of blockchain lightweight technology were summarized based on the literature research results, and the future research directions were prospected.

Key words: blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), lightweight, hash function, consensus algorithm, storage