关键词: 动态多目标优化, 粒子群优化, 进化计算, 多智能体协同, 预测

Abstract: In multi-agent systems，there are multiple cooperative tasks that change with time and multiple conflictoptimization objective functions. To build a multi-agent system，the dynamic multiobjective multi-agent cooperative scheduling problem becomes one of critical problems. To solve this problem，a probability-driven dynamic prediction strategy was proposed to utilize the probability distributions in historical environments to predict the ones in new environments，thus generating new solutions and realizing the fast response to environmental changes. In detail，an elementbased representation for probability distributions was designed to represent the adaptability of elements in dynamic environments，and the probability distributions were gradually updated towards real distributions according to the best solutions found by optimization algorithms in each iteration. Taking into account continuity and relevance of environmental changes，a fusion-based prediction mechanism was built to predict the probability distributions and to provid a priori knowledge of new environments by fusing historical probability distributions when the environment changes. A new heuristicbased sampling mechanism was also proposed by combining probability distributions and heuristic information to generate new solutions for updating out-of-date populations. The proposed probability-driven dynamic prediction strategy can be inserted into any multiobjective evolutionary algorithms，resulting in probability-driven dynamic multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. Experimental results on 10 dynamic multiobjective multi-agent cooperative scheduling problem instances show that the proposed algorithms outperform the competing algorithms in terms of solution optimality and diversity，and the proposed probability-driven dynamic prediction strategy can improve the performance of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms in dynamic environments.

Key words: dynamic multiobjective optimization, particle swarm optimization, evolutionary computation, multi-agent cooperative scheduling, prediction